Callirhoe in Flora of North America @ efloras.org

20. Callirhoe Nuttall, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 2: 181. 1821/1822.

Poppy mallow, wine cup, wild hollyhock [Derivation uncertain; possibly Greek kallos, beautiful, and rhoias, corn poppy, alluding to resemblance] Poppy mallow, wine cup, wild hollyhock [Derivation uncertain; possibly Greek kallos, beautiful, and rhoias, corn poppy, alluding to resemblance]

Laurence J. Dorr

Herbs, annual, perennial, or sometimes biennial, hairy, hairs stellate, 4-rayed, and/or simple, or plants glabrous and glaucous. Stems erect, ascending, or decumbent. Leaves: stipules persistent, caducous, or tardily deciduous, ovate, linear-lanceolate to subulate, auriculate, or rhombic-ovate; blade often pedate, suborbiculate, cordate, ovate, triangular, or hastate, palmately cleft or entire and crenate, base truncate, cordate, or sagittate to hastate, margins 1 per carpel; styles 10–28-branched; stigmas introrsely decurrent, filiform. Fruits schizocarps, erect, not inflated, oblate or depressed-discoid, indurate, reticulate and rugose, strigose or glabrous, indehiscent or dehiscent (annual species only); mericarps 10–28, 2-celled, prominently obtusely beaked or not, drying tan or brown, distal locule sterile, lower 1-seeded. Seeds 1 per locule, reniform or reniform-pyriform (annual species only), glabrous. x = 14, 15.

Species 9 (9 in the flora): United States, n Mexico.

Several species of Callirhoe are gynodioecious; populations of C. alcaeoides, C. involucrata, and C. leiocarpa have individuals with either bisexual or functionally pistillate (that is, male-sterile) flowers. In these species the functionally pistillate flowers can be recognized by their reduced number of anther sacs, failure of these anther sacs to dehisce, stigmatic lobes often conspicuous at early anthesis, reduced petal size, and in C. alcaeoides shorter calyx lobe length. A few populations of C. pedata in Arkansas exhibit a corolla size dimorphism suggesting that this species too may be gynodioecious. Several species of Callirhoe are cultivated and may escape. All taxa of this genus occur within the flora area except C. involucrata var. tenuissima Palmer ex Baker f., which is wholly Mexican.

SELECTED REFERENCES Bates, D. M., L. J. Dorr, and O. J. Blanchard. 1989. Chromosome numbers in Callirhoe (Malvaceae). Brittonia 41: 143–151. Dorr, L. J. 1990. A revision of the North American genus Callirhoe (Malvaceae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 56: 1–75.

1 Involucellar bractlets (1–)3 (2)

+ Involucellar bractlets 0 (6)

2 (1) Calyx lobes divergent in bud, not forming point. 5 Callirhoe involucrata

+ Calyx lobes valvate in bud, forming apiculate or acuminate point (3)

3 (2) Involucellar bractlets spatulate or obovate; mericarps dehiscent; leaf blades triangular or ovate-lanceolate, unlobed or shallowly 3- or 5-lobed. 9 Callirhoe triangulata

+ Involucellar bractlets linear, lanceolate, or ovate; mericarps indehiscent; leaf blades cordate, ovate, suborbiculate, hastate, or triangular, 3-, 5-, or 7-lobed (4)

4 (3) Stems 1(–6), stiffly erect, densely hairy (hairs stellate, 6–8-rayed); mericarps hairy. 8 Callirhoe scabriuscula

+ Stems 1–10, weakly erect, ascending, or decumbent, glabrate or hairy (hairs stellate, mostly 4-rayed); mericarps sparsely hairy (5)

5 (4) Leaf blade lobes broad, oblong or obovate; involucellar bractlets lanceolate or ovate, 8–22 × 1–4 mm; stems hairy (hairs stellate, 4-rayed and often simple, spreading or retrorse). 6 Callirhoe bushii

+ Leaf blade lobes narrowly lanceolate, linear, linear-falcate, or lanceolate-falcate; involucellar bractlets narrowly linear, 2–10.5 × 0.1–0.7 mm; stems hairy (hairs stellate, 4-rayed or simple) or sometimes glabrate. 7 Callirhoe papaver (in part)

6 (1) Annuals (biennials); stipules auriculate; mericarp beaks subtended by 3-lobed collars. 4 Callirhoe leiocarpa

+ Perennials; stipules linear-lanceolate, lanceolate to ovate or subulate; mericarp beaks subtended by 2-lobed, weakly developed collars or collars absent (7)

7 (6) Mericarps hairy, beaks prominent, protruding beyond seed-containing portions, forming distal 1/4–1/3 of each mericarp (8)

+ Mericarps glabrous or sparingly hairy, beaks not prominent, not or only slightly elevated beyond seed-containing portions, forming less than distal 1/4 of each mericarp (9)

8 (7) Inflorescences racemose; flowers (in population samples) usually bisexual, rarely functionally pistillate; petals usually reddish purple, rarely white or pink. 2 Callirhoe pedata (in part)

+ Inflorescences racemose, racemes often appearing corymbose or subumbellate; flowers (in population samples) bisexual or functionally pistillate; petals white, pink, or mauve. 3 Callirhoe alcaeoides

9 (7) Stipules caducous; inflorescences paniculate; leaf blades (3–)5–10-lobed. 1 Callirhoe digitata

+ Stipules persistent; inflorescences racemose; leaf blades 3–5-lobed (10)

10 (9) Stems glabrous; leaf blades with simple hairs abaxially. 2 Callirhoe pedata (in part)

+ Stems hairy (hairs stellate, 4-rayed or simple) or sometimes glabrate; leaf blades hairy (hairs 4-rayed and simple) abaxially. 7 Callirhoe papaver (in part)

List of lower taxa