| 1 |
Flowers nodding; perianth closed, globular to oblong. |
|
(2) |
| + |
Flowers erect, occasionally spreading; perianth open, usually campanulate. |
|
(6) |
| |
|
|
|
| 2 (1) |
Petals white, pink, or rose. |
|
(3) |
| + |
Petals yellow. |
|
(4) |
| |
|
|
|
| 3 (2) |
Sepals spreading; proximal petal gland membranes ± equal to petal width; petals rose. |
|
1 Calochortus amoenus |
| + |
Sepals appressed to petals; proximal petal gland membranes 1/3–2/3 petal width; petals usually white to pink. |
|
2 Calochortus albus |
| |
|
|
|
| 4 (2) |
Stems usually not branching distal to base, 1–10 dm; petals with adaxial surface moderately hairy; leaves and stems conspicuously glaucous. |
|
5 Calochortus raichei |
| + |
Stems usually branching distal to base, 1–5 dm; petals with adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely hairy; leaves and stems not or slightly glaucous. |
|
(5) |
| |
|
|
|
| 5 (4) |
Leaves and stems slightly glaucous; petals deep yellow, adaxial surface glabrous or with a few hairs near gland. |
|
4 Calochortus amabilis |
| + |
Leaves and stems not glaucous; petals pale yellow, adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
|
3 Calochortus pulchellus |
| |
|
|
|
| 6 (1) |
Capsules nodding; perianth usually not conspicuously marked. |
|
(7) |
| + |
Capsules erect; perianth usually conspicuously marked. |
|
(21) |
| |
|
|
|
| 7 (6) |
Adaxial petal surface glabrous or sparsely hairy. |
|
(8) |
| + |
Adaxial petal surfaces densely hairy. |
|
(11) |
| |
|
|
|
| 8 (7) |
Cauline leaves usually absent. |
|
17 Calochortus minimus |
| + |
Cauline leaves usually present. |
|
(9) |
| |
|
|
|
| 9 (8) |
Stems shorter than 5 (10) cm, bearing bulblets near base. |
|
15 Calochortus uniflorus |
| + |
Stems 8–25 cm, not bearing bulblets. |
|
(10) |
| |
|
|
|
| 10 (9) |
Petals white to pale pink; c California. |
|
14 Calochortus umbellatus |
| + |
Petals bright lavender; s Oregon. |
|
16 Calochortus indecorus |
| |
|
|
|
| 11 (7) |
Petals deep yellow. |
|
6 Calochortus monophyllus |
| + |
Petals light green, white, pink, purple, or blue. |
|
(12) |
| |
|
|
|
| 12 (11) |
Petal margins slightly ciliate or fringed, entire adaxial surface hairy or papillose (except Calochortus elegans, hairy only distal to gland). |
|
(13) |
| + |
Petal margins conspicuously ciliate or fringed, adaxial surface hairy only distal to gland. |
|
(18) |
| |
|
|
|
| 13 (12) |
Stems usually branching, with bractlike cauline leaf. |
|
7 Calochortus tolmiei |
| + |
Stems usually simple, often scapelike. |
|
(14) |
| |
|
|
|
| 14 (13) |
Petal glands nearly round. |
|
13 Calochortus apiculatus |
| + |
Petal glands lunate or transversely oblong. |
|
(15) |
| |
|
|
|
| 15 (14) |
Adaxial leaf surface hairy or papillose; Oregon. |
|
(16) |
| + |
Adaxial leaf surface glabrous; widespread. |
|
(17) |
| |
|
|
|
| 16 (15) |
Petal glands deeply depressed, surrounded by yellow hairs, reddish striations from petal base to gland. |
|
11 Calochortus coxii |
| + |
Petal glands only slightly depressed, hairs distal to gland not yellow, often surrounded by lime green coloration and purple striations. |
|
24 Calochortus umpquaensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 17 (15) |
Distal petal gland membranes absent; sepals without basal glandular blotch; nw United States. |
|
10 Calochortus elegans |
| + |
Distal petal gland membranes present; sepals with basal glandular blotch; high elevations in Cascade Mountains. |
|
12 Calochortus subalpinus |
| |
|
|
|
| 18 (12) |
Petals pink to light purplish. |
|
26 Calochortus persistens |
| + |
Petals light green, white, or light blue. |
|
(19) |
| |
|
|
|
| 19 (18) |
Petals light green to white, usually with purple crescent distal to gland. |
|
10 Calochortus elegans |
| + |
Petals white to light blue, purple crescent absent. |
|
(20) |
| |
|
|
|
| 20 (19) |
Petals obovate, apex acuminate, margins ciliate to apex. |
|
8 Calochortus coeruleus |
| + |
Petals lanceolate, apex acute, ciliate only on margins |
|
9 Calochortus westonii |
| |
|
|
|
| 21 (6) |
Basal leaves usually persistent at flowering. |
|
(22) |
| + |
Basal leaves usually withering by flowering. |
|
(31) |
| |
|
|
|
| 22 (21) |
Petals yellow or yellow-green. |
|
(23) |
| + |
Petals white, cream, pink, lavender, or purple, not flecked or streaked purple-brown. |
|
(24) |
| |
|
|
|
| 23 (22) |
Petals deep yellow, streaked red-brown proximally. |
|
40 Calochortus luteus |
| + |
Petals light yellow-green, flecked and streaked purple-brown. |
|
27 Calochortus tiburonensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 24 (22) |
Petals with longitudinal green stripe on adaxial surface. |
|
47 Calochortus excavatus |
| + |
Petals without longitudinal green stripe on adaxial surface. |
|
(25) |
| |
|
|
|
| 25 (24) |
Adaxial petal surface with purple crescent or blotch. |
|
(26) |
| + |
Adaxial petal surface without purple crescent or blotch. |
|
(29) |
| |
|
|
|
| 26 (25) |
Petals pink or lavender. |
|
(27) |
| + |
Petals whitish or purplish. |
|
(28) |
| |
|
|
|
| 27 (26) |
Proximal stem internodes very short; stems with bulblet in axil of cauline leaf at or below ground surface; petals light pink to ± lavender. |
|
19 Calochortus longebarbatus |
| + |
Proximal stem internodes elongate, cauline leaf ca. halfway up stem; stems rarely with bulblet; petals lavender. |
|
20 Calochortus nitidus |
| |
|
|
|
| 28 (26) |
Petals obovate, cuneate at base, with median red-purple blotch. |
|
21 Calochortus eurycarpus |
| + |
Petals ovate to lanceolate, conspicuously clawed, with median red-purple crescent. |
|
25 Calochortus lyallii |
| |
|
|
|
| 29 (25) |
Adaxial leaf surface pubescent; petals yellowish white, with purplish hairs toward base; gland with distally branching hairs. |
|
23 Calochortus howellii |
| + |
Adaxial leaf surface glabrous; petals pale lavender or purplish, without purple hairs at base; gland with ciliate membranes. |
|
(30) |
| |
|
|
|
| 30 (29) |
Abaxial petal surface with dark purple crescent; glands deeply depressed; dry soils and slopes |
|
22 Calochortus greenei |
| + |
Abaxial petal surface without dark purple crescent; glands not deeply depressed; moist meadows and lake margins. |
|
18 Calochortus nudus |
| |
|
|
|
| 31 (21) |
Petal glands ± glabrous, surrounded by dense, obscuring hairs; bulb coat fibrous-reticulate. |
|
(32) |
| + |
Petal glands hairy; bulb coat, when present, membranous. |
|
(34) |
| |
|
|
|
| 32 (31) |
Petals pale pink to rose. |
|
54 Calochortus plummerae |
| + |
Petals cream, yellow to deep orange, purplish, or red-brown. |
|
(33) |
| |
|
|
|
| 33 (32) |
Petals broadly cuneate or obovate, apex usually without hairy tufts. |
|
55 Calochortus weedii |
| + |
Petals oblong-ovate, tipped purple-brown, apex with hairy tufts. |
|
56 Calochortus obispoensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 34 (31) |
Petal gland ± round, depressed, sometimes deeply so, surrounded by conspicuously fringed membrane. |
|
(35) |
| + |
Petal glands not simultaneously round, depressed, and surrounded by fringed membrane (but sometimes one of these). |
|
(43) |
| |
|
|
|
| 35 (34) |
Petals yellow or orange to red; stems twisted. |
|
50 Calochortus kennedyi |
| + |
Petals yellow to gold, white, or lavender, usually tinged with lilac; stems not twisted. |
|
(36) |
| |
|
|
|
| 36 (35) |
Abaxial petal surface without longitudinal green stripe. |
|
(37) |
| + |
Abaxial petal surface with longitudinal green stripe. |
|
(40) |
| |
|
|
|
| 37 (36) |
Petals lemon yellow to gold; sepals usually with red to brown blotch at base. |
|
(38) |
| + |
Petals white with reddish brown or purple band or blotch distal to gland, or lemon yellow with maroon blotch distal to gland. |
|
(39) |
| |
|
|
|
| 38 (37) |
Perianth cup-shaped; stems flexuous; petal glands covered with branching hairs and surrounded by club-shaped hairs. |
|
51 Calochortus clavatus |
| + |
Perianth campanulate; stems not flexuous; petal glands covered with slender, unbranched hairs and surrounded by a few long hairs. |
|
49 Calochortus concolor |
| |
|
|
|
| 39 (37) |
Petals white, tinged with lilac or infrequently magenta; e Nevada and n Arizona north through Utah to e Idaho. |
|
43 Calochortus nuttallii |
| + |
Petals lemon yellow; n Arizona to se Utah. |
|
48 Calochortus aureus |
| |
|
|
|
| 40 (36) |
Petals lavender; bracts 3–8 cm; anthers red-brown. |
|
47 Calochortus excavatus |
| + |
Petals white, white tinged with lilac, or purplish; bracts 2–5 cm; anthers yellow, maroon, blue, purple, or red. |
|
(41) |
| |
|
|
|
| 41 (40) |
Sepals without dark purple or red blotch near base; petals cuneate to obovate. |
|
46 Calochortus invenustus |
| + |
Sepals with dark purple or red blotch near base; petals narrowly obovate. |
|
(42) |
| |
|
|
|
| 42 (41) |
Petals with red or purple crescent distal to gland, glands surrounded by yellow border. |
|
44 Calochortus bruneaunis |
| + |
Petals without red or purple crescent distal to gland, glands surrounded by red or purple border. |
|
45 Calochortus panamintensis |
| |
|
|
|
| 43 (34) |
Plants rarely bulbose. |
|
(44) |
| + |
Plants usually bulbose. |
|
(47) |
| |
|
|
|
| 44 (43) |
Petals with conspicuous purple striping, never spotted. |
|
33 Calochortus striatus |
| + |
Petals spotted, not conspicuously striped. |
|
(45) |
| |
|
|
|
| 45 (44) |
Stems twining or straggling; each perianth member with transverse yellow bands. |
|
29 Calochortus flexuosus |
| + |
Stems ± straight; perianth members without transverse yellow bands. |
|
(46) |
| |
|
|
|
| 46 (45) |
Petals lavender to deep purple, usually with purple blotch at base. |
|
32 Calochortus splendens |
| + |
Petals white, usually flushed pink, with red-brown blotch distal to gland. |
|
30 Calochortus dunnii |
| |
|
|
|
| 47 (43) |
Petal glands ± ovate, longitudinally oblong, or ± round. |
|
(48) |
| + |
Petal glands ± arched, transversely oblong, lunate, doubly lunate, ± triangular, or ± square. |
|
(51) |
| |
|
|
|
| 48 (47) |
Anthers sagittate. |
|
41 Calochortus leichtlinii |
| + |
Anthers not sagittate. |
|
(49) |
| |
|
|
|
| 49 (48) |
Capsules narrow-oblong, rounded in cross section; stems ± flexuous. |
|
28 Calochortus catalinae |
| + |
Capsules linear, angled in cross section; stems straight. |
|
(50) |
| |
|
|
|
| 50 (49) |
Sepals and petals ca. 4–5 cm; petal gland hairs slender, not branching. |
|
34 Calochortus monanthus |
| + |
Sepals and petals ca. 2–3 cm; petal gland hairs thick, distally knobbed. |
|
31 Calochortus palmeri |
| |
|
|
|
| 51 (47) |
Petal glands triangular-sagittate. |
|
42 Calochortus macrocarpus |
| + |
Petal glands ± arched, transversely oblong, lunate, doubly lunate, or ± square. |
|
(52) |
| |
|
|
|
| 52 (51) |
Petal glands ± square. |
|
(53) |
| + |
Petal glands arched, transversely oblong, ± lunate, or doubly lunate. |
|
(54) |
| |
|
|
|
| 53 (52) |
Petal glands in lower middle of petal, not surrounded by red blotch. |
|
35 Calochortus venustus |
| + |
Petal glands nearly adjacent to petal base, surrounded by red blotch. |
|
36 Calochortus simulans |
| |
|
|
|
| 54 (52) |
Petal glands ± doubly lunate. |
|
39 Calochortus vestae |
| + |
Petal glands ± lunate to transversely oblong. |
|
(55) |
| |
|
|
|
| 55 (54) |
Capsules lanceoloid; coastal. |
|
37 Calochortus argillosus |
| + |
Capsules linear or linear-oblong; inland. |
|
(56) |
| |
|
|
|
| 56 (55) |
Petal glands round to lunate. |
|
52 Calochortus ambiguus |
| + |
Petal glands transversely oblong, chevron-shaped, or weakly lunate, never round. |
|
(57) |
| |
|
|
|
| 57 (56) |
Petal glands strongly chevron-shaped to weakly lunate; petals with median brown or purple blotch surrounded by bright yellow zone; California. |
|
38 Calochortus superbus |
| + |
Petal glands transversely oblong; petals with transverse purple band distal to gland, and purple blotch on claw; Rocky Mountains, se Arizona, w New Mexico. |
|
53 Calochortus gunnisonii |
