Myricaceae Blume
Wax-myrtle Family
Allan J. Bornstein
Shrubs or small trees , evergreen or deciduous, usually aromatic and resinous. Roots commonly with nitrogen-fixing nodules. Leaves alternate, simple or pinnatifid; stipules absent or present; petiole present. Leaf blade commonly with peltate, multicellular, glandular trichomes. Inflorescences axillary catkins; bracts present. Flowers usually unisexual, occasionally bisexual, staminate and pistillate flowers usually on different plants, occasionally on same plants; perianth absent. Staminate flowers subtended by solitary bract; stamens 2-14(-22), hypogynous or ± epigynous; filaments filiform, distinct or basally connate; anthers dorsifixed, 2-locular, extrorsely dehiscent by longitudinal slits. Pistillate flowers subtended by solitary bract, bracteoles present or absent, usually 2-4(-8); pistils 1, 2-carpellate, 1-locular; ovules 1, basal, erect; styles, if present, short; stigmas 2. Fruits drupaceous or nutlike, smooth or often covered with warty protuberances, these commonly with waxy coating; fruits sometimes enclosed by persistent, accrescent bracts and bracteoles. Seeds with little or no endosperm; embryo straight, with 2 plano-convex cotyledons.
Genera 2-4, species ca. 50 (2 genera, 8 species in the flora): widespread in temperate and subtropical regions.
Significant disagreement exists concerning the number of genera to be recognized in Myricaceae. Myrica in the broad sense is sometimes divided into three genera. Comptonia L'Héritier ex Aiton is often segregated on the basis of leaf type, presence of stipules, and the burlike fruits with 6-8 accrescent bracts and bracteoles. Morella Loureiro sometimes is elevated from its usual rank of subgenus to emphasize differences concerning position of the catkins, size of the staminate bracts, and appearance of the fruits (A. Chevalier 1901; J. R. Baird 1968). The real question is the appropriate rank at which recognition should be made (T. S. Elias 1971). I follow a traditional approach in recognizing just Myrica and Comptonia in North America.
SELECTED REFERENCES
Baird, J. R. 1968. A Taxonomic Revision of the Plant Family Myricaceae of North America, North of Mexico. Ph.D. thesis. University of North Carolina. Chevalier, A. 1901. Monographie des Myricacées. Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 32: 85-340. Elias, T. S. 1971. The genera of Myricaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 305-318. Sheffy, M. V. 1972. A Study of the Myricaceae from Eocene Sediments of Southeastern North America. Ph.D. thesis. Indiana University. Wilbur, R. L. 1994. The Myricaceae of the United States and Canada: Genera, subgenera, and series. Sida 16(1): 93-107. Youngken, H. W. 1919. The comparative morphology, taxonomy and distribution of the Myricaceae of the eastern United States. Contr. Bot. Lab. Morris Arbor. Univ. Pennsylvania 4: 339-400.
