25. Nyssaceae Jussieu ex Dumortier
Tupelo Family Tupelo Family
Gordon C. Tucker
Shrubs or trees, deciduous, usually monoecious or polygamous, rarely dioecious. Leaves alternate, simple; stipules absent; petiole present; blade margins entire or sparsely, irregularly dentate; venation pinnate. Inflorescences unisexual, axillary [terminal], umbel-like or glomerate, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual or unisexual; perianth and androecium epigynous; hypanthium absent (staminate flowers), completely adnate to ovary (bisexual and pistillate flowers); sepals 5, connate; petals 5(–10), distinct; nectary present, <intrastaminal>; stamens (4–)6–12(–15) in 1–2 whorls, distinct, free; anthers dehiscing by longitudinal slits; pistil 1, 1(–2)[–3]-carpellate; ovary inferior, 1(–2)[–3]-locular, placentation apical; ovule 1 per locule, anatropous; styles 1(–2)[–3], connate basally; stigmas 1(–2)[–3]. Fruits drupes. Seeds 1 per locule.
Genera 2, species ca. 15 (1 genus, 5 species in the flora): c, e North America, Mexico, Central America (Costa Rica, Panama), e Asia.
Taxonomic opinions about the status and circumscription of the Nyssaceae have varied. Nyssa and the small eastern Asian genera Camptotheca Decaisne and Davidia Baillon sometimes have been included in an expanded Cornaceae, a view supported by earlier phylogenetic studies (Xiang Q. Y. et al. 1998). The narrower circumscription used here, with the family comprising only Camptotheca and Nyssa but still close to Cornaceae, follows R. H. Eyde (1966) and is supported by phylogenetic studies by Xiang et al. (2011).
SELECTED REFERENCES Eyde, R. H. 1963. Morphological and paleobotanical studies of the Nyssaceae. I. A survey of the modern species and their fruits. J. Arnold Arbor. 44: 1–59. Eyde, R. H. 1966. The Nyssaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 117–125.
