1	Fruits weakly ribbed, or bluntly 5-angled round in cross section, ovoid or ellipsoid, 2.5-12 mm		(2)
+	Fruits prominently 5-ribbed, ± obovoid, sometimes narrowly so and tapering at both ends, 3-6 mm		(11)
2 (1)	Flowers 6-16 per involucre; perianth 1.2-6 cm [7b. Mirabilis sect. Quamoclidion]		(3)
+	Flowers 1-3 per involucre; perianth 0.5-17 cm		(7)
3 (2)	Perianth usually creamy white; involucres pendant on peduncles; leaves strongly ascending		4 Mirabilis pudica
+	Perianth usually pink or magenta; involucres usually erect; leaves spreading		(4)
4 (3)	Bracts of involucres distinct or to 50% connate; perianth bell-shaped, 1.5-1.8 cm; fruits rugulose		3 Mirabilis alipes
+	Bracts of involucres at least 50% connate; perianth funnelform, 1.5-6 cm; fruits smooth, tuberculate, or rugulose		(5)
5 (4)	Perianth 1.5-2.5 cm; involucres 13-23 mm		5 Mirabilis macfarlanei
+	Perianth 2.5-6 cm; involucres 26-40 mm		(6)
6 (5)	Fruits bluntly 5-angled in cross section		6 Mirabilis greenei
+	Fruits ovoid or globose, not angled in cross section		7 Mirabilis multiflora
7 (2)	Fruits round or bluntly 5-angled in cross section; perianth (2-)3.5-17 cm, long- funnelform; flowers 1 per involucre [7a. Mirabilis sect. Mirabilis]		(8)
+	Fruits circular in cross section; perianth 0.5-1.8 cm, short funnelform; flowers 1-3 per involucre [7c. Mirabilis sect. Oxybaphoides]		(9)
8 (7)	Perianth 2-5 cm, usually rose-pink, sometimes yellow or variegated, or white, usually not pubescent; leaf base cordate to obtuse		1 Mirabilis jalapa
+	Perianth 7-17 cm, white, pubescent externally; leaf base usually cordate		2 Mirabilis longiflora
9 (7)	Involucres 3-flowered; perianth usually pink or purplish pink, rarely white		8 Mirabilis oxybaphoides
+	Involucres 1(-2)-flowered; perianth white, pink, or purplish pink		(10)
10 (9)	Lobes of involucres narrowly lance-oblong; involucres 7-16 mm; peri- anth white, rarely pale pink		10 Mirabilis tenuiloba
+	Lobes of involucres triangular to triangular-lanceolate; involucres 3-7 mm; perianth white, pink, or purple		9 Mirabilis laevis
11 (1)	Involucres not or only slightly accrescent after anthesis, greenish at maturity, opaque, moderately veiny, widely bell-shaped, 4-8 mm in fruit; perianth bright red-purple; leaf blades linear [7d. Mirabilis sect. Mirabilopsis]		11 Mirabilis coccinea
+	Involucres strongly accrescent after anthesis, becoming tan, translucent, prominently net-veined, very widely bell-shaped or rotate, 4-15 mm in fruit; perianth white, pink, or bright purple-pink; leafblades linear, linear-lanceolate or ovate [7e. Mirabilis sect. Oxybaphus]		(12)
12 (11)	Fruits usually glabrous, sometimes very lightly puberulent		19 Mirabilis glabra
+	Fruits puberulent or pubescent, sometimes sparsely so		(13)
13 (12)	Leaf blades linear to linear-lanceolate, mostly 0.1-1 cm wide (if slightly wider, then hairs of involucres with purple or black crosswalls); tubercles on fruits only slightly elevated above surface, low-rounded to round-angled, usually ± same color as background; ribs on fruit not bearing prominent tubercles		14 Mirabilis linearis
+	Leaf blades linear-lanceolate to ovate, mostly 1-8 cm wide (if leaf blades lanceolate, then hairs of involucres with pale crosswalls); tubercles on fruits markedly elevated above surface, prominently rounded or ± angular, often paler than background, or only slightly elevated above surface, low-rounded and same color as background; ribs sometimes bearing prominent tubercles		(14)
14 (13)	Stems hirsute; leaf blades broadly ovate, 3-6 cm wide		15 Mirabilis rotundifolia
+	Stems glabrous, puberulent, or spreading villous (if hirsute, then leaf blades linear-lanceolate or lanceolate); leaf blades linear-lanceolate to ovate, mostly 1-8 cm wide		(15)
15 (14)	Stems stiffly erect, little branched, 5-20 dm		(16)
+	Stems erect to decumbent, usually well branched, 0.8-15 dm		(17)
16 (15)	Fruits conspicuously pubescent, hairs 0.3-0.5 mm; stems densely puberulent distally with appressed, curved hairs; petioles 0.2-1 cm		16 Mirabilis gigantea
+	Fruits inconspicuously pubescent, hairs 0.1-0.5 mm; stems glabrous, glabrate, or sparsely glandular-pubescent; petioles 0.3- 2 cm.		20 Mirabilis austrotexana
17 (15)	Fruits densely glandular-puberulent, hairs 0.1 mm; ribs and sulci prominently tuberculate with tall, shelflike tubercles; bracts of involucres connate 90-100%		21 Mirabilis texensis
+	Fruits sparsely to densely pubescent, hairs 0.1-0.5 mm, hairs often tufted; ribs and sulci inconspicuously tuberculate or with tubercles tall, often shelflike; bracts of mature involucres connate 40-90%		(18)
18 (17)	Involucres green and blushed with dark violet or black; crosswalls of hairs on involucres and peduncles dark purple or black; leaf blades narrowly triangular-ovate to ovate, usually glabrous; perianth bright purple-pink		13 Mirabilis melanotricha
+	Involucres green or blushed with red; crosswalls of hairs on involucres and peduncles usually pale; leaf blades lanceolate to ovate, glabrous or pubescent; perianth white, pale pink, or bright purple-pink		(19)
19 (18)	Leaf blades linear-lanceolate to ovate or deltate, glabrous or pubescent; ribs of fruit notched, tuberculate, smooth, or somewhat rugose; sulci prominently or inconspicuously tuberculate; involucres in axils, loosely clustered on branches, or scattered in open, divaricate inflorescences, sparsely to densely pubescent		12 Mirabilis albida
+	Leaf blades lanceolate-triangular to ovate, usually glabrous; ribs of fruits usually irregularly notched, especially toward apex; sulci prominently tuberculate; involucres usually clustered at ends of branches, usually glabrous or glabrate, rarely villous		(20)
20 (19)	Leaf blades 1-4.5 cm wide; stems often sprawling across other vegetation, sparsely leafy, distally puberulent in 2 lines, puberulent over entire surface, or sometimes spreading viscid-villose		18 Mirabilis latifolia
+	Leaf blades 2-6.5 cm wide; stems usually erect or ascending, leafy, usually distally puberulent in 2 lines or glabrate, rarely spreading viscid-pilose		17 Mirabilis nyctaginea