1 |
Tepals yellow to orange; seeds usually hemispherical with depression on flattened side, or globose with or without obvious depression; filaments distinct or connate only basally. |
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(2) |
+ |
Tepals purple to light blue, white, lavender, pink, or magenta, occasionally yellow; seeds globose to obconic, depression absent or occasionally slight; filaments connate ± full length (only basally in S. rosulatum). |
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(6) |
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2 (1) |
Stems 2–8 mm wide; capsules 6–19 mm; tepals usually 12+ mm. |
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(3) |
+ |
Stems 0.5–2(–2.3) mm wide; capsules 3–9 mm; tepals usually less than 12 mm. |
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(4) |
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3 (2) |
Stems simple; seeds 0.7–1.5 mm, hemispherical with shallow depression. |
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1 Sisyrinchium californicum |
+ |
Stems branched; seeds 1.5–2.2 mm, globose, lacking depression. |
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2 Sisyrinchium arizonicum |
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4 (2) |
Plants annual; tepals 2.6–5 mm; seeds 0.9–1.1 mm, with deep depression. |
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5 Sisyrinchium cernuum |
+ |
Plants perennial; tepals 7.5–11 mm; seeds 1–1.7 mm, with shallow depression. |
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(5) |
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5 (4) |
Fruiting pedicels recurved to spreading; capsules globose or turbinate to broadly fusiform. |
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3 Sisyrinchium elmeri |
+ |
Fruiting pedicels ascending to erect; capsules slightly turbinate to ± globose. |
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4 Sisyrinchium longipes |
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6 (1) |
Perianth campanulate basally, flaring distally; plants annual or occasionally short-lived perennial; tepals lavender, pink, magenta, yellow, or occasionally white. |
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(7) |
+ |
Perianth widely flaring or reflexed from base, not campanulate; plants perennial; tepals purple to violet, blue, or white. |
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(8) |
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7 (6) |
Stems with 3–6 nodes; filaments connate ± full length, tapering evenly, stipitate-glandular on proximal 0.8–1.2 mm; capsule turbinate to broadly fusiform, uniformly light brown. |
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6 Sisyrinchium minus |
+ |
Stems with 1–2(–3) nodes; filaments connate basally or occasionally to 1/2 length, inflated basally, stipitate-glandular on proximal 0.5–0.8 mm; capsule ± globose, bicolored, sutures and sometimes apex purplish, intrasuture surface tan. |
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7 Sisyrinchium rosulatum |
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8 (6) |
Rhipidia usually paired, rarely borne singly, sessile or rarely outer with branch to 7 mm; rhipidia and associated spathes closely subtended by enveloping bractlike leaf (because the 2 rhipidia are nearly enveloped by the leaf, these species can be mistaken as having a single rhipidium). |
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(9) |
+ |
Rhipidia borne singly, terminating stem or branch; rhipidium and associated spathes not subtended by leaf. |
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(10) |
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9 (8) |
Stems 1.5–3.4 mm wide, obviously winged, not wiry. |
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8 Sisyrinchium albidum |
+ |
Stems 0.5–1 mm wide, hardly or not winged, wiry. |
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9 Sisyrinchium capillare |
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10 (8) |
Stems branched or populations predominantly with branched individuals (see discussion). |
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(11) |
+ |
Stems simple or populations predominantly with simple-stemmed individuals. |
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(33) |
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11 (10) |
Stems with 2–5 nodes; spathes ± equaling branches in width. |
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10 Sisyrinchium dichotomum |
+ |
Stems with 1–3 nodes; spathes much wider than branches. |
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(12) |
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12 (11) |
Main stems usually more than 2 mm wide. |
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(13) |
+ |
Main stems usually 2 mm or less wide. |
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(21) |
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13 (12) |
First internode equaling or shorter than longest leaf, if equaling leaves then apex of hyaline margins of inner spathe acute to acuminate. |
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(14) |
+ |
First internode equaling or longer than longest leaf, if equaling leaves then hyaline margins of inner spathe broadly obtuse or acute apically. |
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(16) |
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14 (13) |
Stems and leaves glabrous; hyaline margins of inner spathe broadly acute to obtuse or truncate apically, sometimes projecting as lobes. |
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11 Sisyrinchium ensigerum |
+ |
Stems and leaves usually scabrous, at least apically on margins; hyaline margins of inner spathe tapering to acute to acuminate apex, never projecting as lobes. |
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(15) |
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15 (14) |
Leaf bases persistent as fibrous tufts; outer spathe 0.5–1.8 mm longer than inner. |
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12 Sisyrinchium xerophyllum |
+ |
Leaf bases not persistent or fibrous; outer spathe 2.5–5.5 mm longer than inner. |
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13 Sisyrinchium pruinosum |
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16 (13) |
Leaf bases persistent as fibrous tufts. |
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14 Sisyrinchium nashii |
+ |
Leaf bases not persistent or fibrous. |
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(17) |
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17 (16) |
Hyaline margins of inner spathe 0.1–0.3 mm wide; e of the Rocky Mountains. |
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(18) |
+ |
Hyaline margins of inner spathe (0.1–)0.4–1.1 mm wide; w of the Rocky Mountains. |
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(19) |
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18 (17) |
Capsules dark brown or black; plants usually drying dark olive green, bronze, or blackish. |
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15 Sisyrinchium angustifolium |
+ |
Capsules tan to nearly white; plants drying light green to yellowish green. |
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16 Sisyrinchium strictum |
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19 (17) |
Hyaline margins of inner spathe usually equaling or longer than green apex; foliage strongly glaucous; tepals pale blue. |
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17 Sisyrinchium funereum |
+ |
Hyaline margins of inner spathe usually shorter than green apex; foliage various but usually not strongly glaucous; tepals usually bluish violet to violet-purple. |
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(20) |
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20 (19) |
Outer tepals elliptic to oblanceolate; stem margins white or translucent cartilaginous; filament column usually stipitate-glandular. |
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18 Sisyrinchium radicatum |
+ |
Outer tepals often broadly cuneate; stem margins same color and texture as stem body; filament column usually not stipitate-glandular. |
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19 Sisyrinchium bellum |
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21 (12) |
Margins of outer spathe connate basally (1.5–)2–4 mm (–5 mm in S. langloisii). |
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(22) |
+ |
Margins of outer spathe connate basally 3.5–9 mm. |
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(26) |
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22 (21) |
Outer spathe 2.5–5.5 mm longer than inner; spathes usually scabrous. |
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13 Sisyrinchium pruinosum |
+ |
Outer spathe shorter or no more than 2.7 mm longer than inner; spathe usually glabrous. |
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(23) |
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23 (22) |
Leaf bases persistent as thick, fibrous tufts. |
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20 Sisyrinchium fuscatum |
+ |
Leaf bases not persistent as fibrous tufts. |
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(24) |
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24 (23) |
Ovary and capsule black, contrasting with much lighter foliage; hyaline margins of inner spathe broadly rounded or truncate apically. |
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21 Sisyrinchium atlanticum |
+ |
Ovary and capsule not contrasting with foliage; hyaline margins of inner spathe usually acuminate to acute or sometimes obtuse apically. |
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22 Sisyrinchium langloisii |
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26 (21) |
Ovaries and capsules black, contrasting with much lighter foliage. |
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21 Sisyrinchium atlanticum |
+ |
Ovaries and capsules not contrasting with foliage. |
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(27) |
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27 (26) |
Hyaline margins of inner spathe broadly rounded or truncate apically. |
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(28) |
+ |
Hyaline margins of inner spathe usually acute or acuminate apically. |
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(30) |
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28 (27) |
Hyaline margins of inner spathe usually equaling or longer than green apex; foliage strongly glaucous; tepals pale blue. |
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17 Sisyrinchium funereum |
+ |
Hyaline margins of inner spathe usually shorter than green apex; foliage various, not strongly glaucous; tepals bluish violet to violet-purple. |
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(29) |
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29 (28) |
Outer tepals elliptic to oblanceolate; stem margins white or translucent-cartilaginous; filament column usually stipitate-glandular. |
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18 Sisyrinchium radicatum |
+ |
Outer tepals often broadly cuneate; stem margins similar to stem body; filament column usually not stipitate-glandular. |
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19 Sisyrinchium bellum |
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30 (27) |
First internode equaling or shorter than leaves. |
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(31) |
+ |
First internode longer than leaves. |
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(32) |
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31 (30) |
Plants drying brownish olive to bronze; rhizomes obvious. |
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23 Sisyrinchium miamiense |
+ |
Plants drying yellowish green to olive, occasionally bronze; rhizomes scarcely discernable. |
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24 Sisyrinchium biforme |
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32 (30) |
Capsules 4–7.5+; sw United States. |
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25 Sisyrinchium demissum |
+ |
Capsules 3.5–4.9 mm; Great Lakes region. |
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16 Sisyrinchium strictum |
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33 (10) |
Margins of outer spathe distinct basally or rarely connate to 1 mm, and then stems greater than 1.5 mm wide, glabrous or scabrous. |
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26 Sisyrinchium campestre |
+ |
Margins of outer spathe obviously connate basally 1 mm or more (rarely connate less than 1 mm and then spathes tinged strongly purple), usually glabrous or rarely slightly scabrous. |
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(34) |
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34 (33) |
Leaf bases persisting in fibrous tufts. |
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35 Sisyrinchium sagittiferum |
+ |
Leaf bases not persisting in fibrous tufts. |
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(35) |
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35 (34) |
Rhizomes obvious and elongate; tepals purple to dark reddish purple or very rarely bluish violet, base purple. |
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30 Sisyrinchium hitchcockii |
+ |
Rhizomes scarcely discernable; tepals bluish violet, occasionally purple or purplish blue, to light blue or white, base yellow. |
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(36) |
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36 (35) |
Spathes subequal, or outer up to 4.5 mm longer than inner. |
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(37) |
+ |
Spathes distinctly unequal, outer at least 6 mm longer than inner. |
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(38) |
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37 (36) |
Capsules 2.2–4 mm; hyaline margins of inner spathe broadly rounded to truncate apically, often extending as 2 lobes beyond green apex; w United States. |
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31 Sisyrinchium halophilum |
+ |
Capsules 5–7 mm; hyaline margins of inner spathe acute to acuminate or occasionally lobed and slightly exceeding green apex; s United States and n Mexico. |
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24 Sisyrinchium biforme |
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38 (36) |
Tepals pale blue; outer tepals usually rounded apically to slightly emarginate. |
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(39) |
+ |
Tepals blue-violet to purplish blue, occasionally purple; outer tepals emarginate, truncate or occasionally rounded apically. |
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(42) |
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39 (38) |
Outer tepals greater than 10 mm; Columbia River Gorge. |
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33 Sisyrinchium sarmentosum |
+ |
Outer tepals 10 mm or less; elsewhere. |
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(40) |
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40 (39) |
Outer spathes usually connate more than 2.6 mm; outer tepals slightly emarginate to rounded apically; Colorado, Wyoming. |
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28 Sisyrinchium pallidum |
+ |
Outer spathes connate less than 2.6 mm; outer tepals rounded apically, never emarginate; elsewhere. |
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(41) |
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41 (40) |
Capsules dark brown to black; Greenland. |
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36 Sisyrinchium groenlandicum |
+ |
Capsules beige to light brown; w Canada, Washington. |
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37 Sisyrinchium septentrionale |
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42 (38) |
Stems with very narrow or scarcely discernable wings, almost wiry, 0.9–2 mm wide. |
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29 Sisyrinchium mucronatum |
+ |
Stems obviously winged, 1–3.7 mm wide. |
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(43) |
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43 (42) |
Capsules 6.2–8.1 mm; outer tepals usually rounded to slightly truncate apically. |
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32 Sisyrinchium littorale |
+ |
Capsules 3–6.8 mm; outer tepals usually emarginate or truncate apically (rarely rounded and capsules shorter than 6 mm). |
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(44) |
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44 (43) |
Outer spathes usually at least (12–)16 mm longer than inner; stems usually (1.5–)2–3.7 mm wide; keel of inner spathe ± gibbous basally; seed coat rugulose. |
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27 Sisyrinchium montanum |
+ |
Outer spathes no more than 16 mm longer than inner; stems 1–2.5 mm wide; keel of inner spathe not gibbous; seed coat usually granular. |
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34 Sisyrinchium idahoense |