15. Campylopus subulatus Schimper in G. L. Rabenhorst and G. Winter, Bryotheca Eur. 9: no. 451. 1861.
Plants 0.5-3 cm, in loose, slender tufts, yellowish green to green, not tomentose. Leaves 3-4 mm, erect-patent when wet, appressed when dry, lanceolate, narrowed into a short, straight subula; margins entire below, faintly serrate at apex; apex of leaf serrate at back; alar cells hardly differentiated, only slightly larger than the basal laminal cells; basal laminal cells thin-walled, hyaline, rectangular; distal laminal cells short, subquadrate; costa filling 1/2-2/3 of leaf width, excurrent in a short concolorous apex, in transverse section showing adaxial hyalocysts that are 1/3 as wide as the costa, without abaxial stereids, ribbed at back. Specialized asexual reproduction by deciduous stem tips. Sporophytes not known in North America [rare elsewhere].
Open soil in oak and Douglas fir forests, also open sand in dunes with Pinus contorta; 80-200 m; Calif., Oreg.; Europe; Asia.
Campylopus subulatus is known only from two localities in California and one in Oregon. Although all records of C. subulatus from North America were referred to C. schimperi by J.-P. Frahm and D. H. Vitt (1978), collections made later in California and Oregon proved to be the former species. Campylopus schimperi grows in compact tufts in alpine habitats and differs from C. subulatus by an abaxially smooth costa, and rectangular, not subquadrate distal laminal cells. Campylopus subulatus resembles C. tallulensis. The latter differs by distinct groups of abaxial stereids and adaxial hyalocysts, which are 1/2 as wide as the thickness of the costa.
