Leskea incurvata Hedwig, Sp. Musc. Frond., 216, plate 53, figs. 8-14. 1801; Lescuraea incurvata (Hedwig) E. Lawton

Plants medium-sized to large, in thick mats, green, yellow-green, orange-green, or rarely black-green. Stems with branches robust, julaceous, apices curving up; central strand present; paraphyllia many, filamentous to foliose, branched. Leaves appressed to somewhat erect when dry, erect-spreading when moist, glossy or dull, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, asymmetric, usually falcate to falcate-secund, 0.8-2(-2.5) mm; margins strongly and narrowly recurved to near acumen; apex abruptly acute to short- or rarely long-acuminate, hair-point absent; costa subpercurrent to percurrent, orange-green, sometimes sinuate; alar cells transversely elongate to quadrate, region large; medial laminal cells , elliptic or isodiametric, to 25 µm, 1-2(-3):1, opaque or sometimes pellucid, prorate to near base, , walls firm to strongly incrassate, not pitted; ; juxtacostal cells somewhat shorter than more distal cells, walls not pitted. Capsule erect to suberect, symmetric, 1-2.5 mm; endostome basal membrane 1/4-1/3 exostome length, segments shorter than exostome, cilia 1 or 2. Spores 10-20 µm.

Varieties 11 (3 in the flora): North America, Eurasia; North Temperate Zone, moderate to high elevations.

Pseudoleskea incurvata is a complex and highly variable species; the capsules mature in summer. Most plants can be distinguished from P. radicosa by the thick-walled proximal and medial laminal cells that are mostly short, and by the relatively short cells in the acumen. Although there are intermediate specimens, the three varieties are often quite distinct. Combined ecological, molecular and morphological studies of the varieties are needed to determine their distinctiveness.