Southwestern lady fern

Athyrium filix-femina subsp. californicum (Butters) Hultén

Petiole 13--60 cm; scales brown or black, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 7--15 × 1--4 mm. Blade narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, 1--2-pinnate-pinnatifid, 25--130 × 8--25 cm, gradually narrowed proximally, broadest at or just above middle, apex acuminate. Pinnae sessile or very short-stalked, linear-oblong, apex acuminate. Pinnules linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, base basiscopically cuneate, acroscopically truncate, ± auriculate, apex ± acute to acuminate. Rachis , costae, and costules with scales and usually with pale glands. Sori elliptic or oblong, straight, hooked at distal end, or horseshoe-shaped, medial; indusia dentate or ciliate with nonglandular marginal hairs as long as width of indusia. Spores brown.

Moist woods, meadows, streambanks; 1000--3500 m; Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Nev., N.Mex., Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Wyo.

This southwestern variety, Athyrium filix-femina var. californicum , occurs at higher elevations than var. cyclosorum . Athyrium filix-femina var. californicum and var. cyclosorum are more closely related to each other than to eastern varieties. Distinctness between western varieties was shown by F. K. Butters (1917); F. S. Liew (1972) treated them as consubspecific.