Calopogon tubéreux

Calopogon pulchellus (Salisbury) R. Brown; C. pulchellus var. latifolius (H. St. John) Fernald; C. tuberosus var. latifolius (H. St. John) B. Boivin; Cathea pulchella Salisbury; C. tuberosa (Linnaeus) Morong; Cymbidium pulchellum (Salisbury) Swartz; Helleborine tuberosa (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Limodorum barbatum Lamarck; L. pulchellum Salisbury; L. tuberosum Linnaeus var. nanum Nieuwland

Plants 4–110(–135) cm. Corms globose to elongate, 8–31 mm. Leaves: blade slightly curled transversely, linear, lanceolate, or seldom elliptic-lanceolate, 3–50 cm × 2–35(–50) mm. Inflorescences green or slightly purple at base, becoming entirely green after flowering, 4–110(–135) cm; floral bracts ovate to ovate-lanceolate, subulate, 3–8(–30) mm. Flowers 1–15(–25); dorsal sepal 15–31 × 5–18 mm; lateral sepals reflexed distally, 13–26 × 5–16 mm, apex apiculate to acuminate; petals 15–28 × 4–14 mm; lip 11–23 mm, dilated end of middle lobe same color as rest of flower (except for brushlike lamellae patch), typically anvil-shaped, seldom triangular or reniform, 9–21 mm wide; column 12–25 × 1–2 mm, distal end 6–10 mm wide; rostellum usually present. Capsules 13–30 × 5–10 mm. 2n = 26, 40, 42.

Flowering Nov (s Fla.)--Aug (north). Acidic soils in fens, bogs, pine and oak savannas, grasslands, interdune swales; 0--1200 m; St. Pierre and Miquelon; Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que.; Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.

At the northeastern edge of the range, tiny plants 4–20 cm have 1–5 deep magenta flowers, lips 13–18 mm with pale trichomes, and leaves 30–110 × 5–30 mm; they have been considered to be Calopogon tuberosus var. latifolius (H. St. John) B. Boivin. The variety has been reported in coastal bogs from Nova Scotia, the Magdalen Islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Sable Island off Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Great Wass Island in the Gulf of Maine (C. A. Luer 1975; P. M. Catling and Z. Lucas 1987; L. M. Eastman 1988). Catling and Lucas found that plants corresponding to C. tuberosus var. latifolius represented the end of a continuum of variation and recommended against the recognition of the variety; those results were corroborated by DNA data (D. H. Goldman 2000). In contrast to the plants in the northeastern range, plants in the southern range of this variety can exceed 1 m in height and produce flowers close to 5 cm diameter.