Hypnum bolanderi Lesquereux, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 13: 12. 1865; Bryhnia bolanderi (Lesquereux) Brotherus

Plants small, in loose to moderately dense mats, yellow-green to brownish or dark green. Stems to 4 cm, creeping, terete-foliate, irregularly pinnate, branches to 5 mm, straight, terete-foliate. Stem leaves erect-spreading, loosely imbricate to distant, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, broadest at 1/10-1/6 leaf length, slightly concave, not or slightly plicate, 0.6-1.4 × 0.4-0.6 mm; base rounded, narrowly short-decurrent; margins plane or rarely recurved in places, serrulate throughout; apex gradually tapered or short-acuminate; costa to 60-75% leaf length, strong, terminal spine present; alar cells quadrate to short-rectangular, same size as or smaller than adjacent basal cells, 10-15 × 10-12 µm, walls moderately thick, region inconspicuous, of 2-5 × 2-4 cells; laminal cells linear, 25-60 × 5-8 µm; basal cells weakly differentiated, inconspicuous, 25-40 × 9-12µm, region in 1 or 2 rows. Branch leaves more elliptic, 0.7-0.8 × 0.2-0.4 mm; costal terminal spine with several distal teeth. Sexual condition dioicous. Seta red-brown, 1-2.5 cm, rough. Capsule horizontal, red-brown, ovate-ventricose, curved, 1-1.6 mm; annulus separating by fragments; operculum long-conic. Spores 9-12 µm.

Soil; moderate elevations (400-1500 m); Calif., Oreg.

Brachythecium bolanderi occurs mainly in California; E. Lawton (1971) reported it from Oregon. Superficially, B. bolanderi resembles small and short-leaved phenotypes of Brachytheciastrum velutinum and Brachytheciastrum fendleri; it differs from the former in its shorter leaves and shorter cells (6-8:1 versus 8-12:1), and from the latter in having erect-spreading and loosely imbricate to distantly arranged leaves rather than erect-appressed and closely imbricate leaves. Small plants of Oxyrrhynchium hians may also be similar, but the branch leaves of O. hians are broader.