Large-fruited manroot Large-fruited manroot

Echinocystis macrocarpa Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 1: 188. 1885

Leaf blades deeply 5(–7)-lobed, 5–30 cm wide. Flowers: sepals (pistillate) deltate, 0.4–0.6 mm, sometimes vestigial; petals (1–)3–10(–12) mm (pistillate) or 5–8(–10) mm (staminate), corolla white, shallowly cupulate to rotate; staminodia scalelike or absent in pistillate flowers. Capsules yellowish green at maturity, short-ellipsoid to broadly ovoid, usually rounded at both ends, sometimes sharply beaked, (5–)8–12 cm, surface densely echinate, spinules rigid, 5–30 mm. Seeds 4–20(–24), usually obovate to oblong-elliptic, sometimes subglobose, not flat at one end, slightly compressed, 15–20 mm. 2n = 32, 64.

Flowering (Jan–)Mar–May. Pinyon-juniper woodlands, Joshua tree-pinyon transition zones, coastal sage, chaparral, oak woodlands, rocky hillsides, riparian woods and thickets, stream bottoms, disturbed sites, roadsides; 0–1500(–2100) m; Calif.; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur).

K. M. Stocking (1955b) enlarged Marah macrocarpa to include M. micrantha Dunn [as M. macrocarpa var. micrantha (Dunn) Stocking], which is known only from

Cedros Island off the Pacific coast of Baja California, outside of Vizcaíno Bay. But the relatively small flowers and seeds of the latter [staminate flowers 3–6(–8) mm diam. versus 8–13 mm diam.; seeds 12–13 mm versus 15–20 mm] and its apparent geographical disjunction suggest that treatment of M. micrantha at specific rank is justified.