Canada or Canada white or tall white violet, violette du Canada Canada or Canada white or tall white violet, violette du Canada

Viola canadensis var. pubens Farwell; V. canadensis var. rydbergii (Greene) House; V. canadensis var. scariosa Porter; V. geminiflora Greene; V. muriculata Greene; V. neomexicana Greene; V. rydbergii Greene

Plants solitary, 11–46 cm. Rhizomes not branched. Stems 1–2(–4). Leaves: basal: petiole 1.2–20 cm; blade ovate to ovate-reniform, 1.4–8 × 2.4–9.2 cm, base cordate, margins crenate; cauline: stipules oblong, ovate, or lanceolate, margins usually entire, apex acute, long-acuminate to cuspidate, or ± truncate; petiole 0.1–6.1(–15.2) cm; blade ovate to deltate, 2–7.1 × 0.9–6.2 cm, base cordate or truncate, margins crenate to crenulate, ciliate or eciliate. Peduncles 1–2.6(–6.1) cm, sometimes glabrous below bracteoles. Flowers: lowest petal 8–15 mm. Capsules 4–8.5 mm, sometimes minutely muricate. 2n = 24.

Flowering Apr–Oct. Riparian, coniferous or aspen forests, deciduous and mixed forests, cove hardwoods, northern hardwood forests, moist, shaded slopes, sandy, rich, or rocky soil, talus slopes, road cuts; 50–3600 m; N.B., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., Que.; Ala., Ariz., Ark., Colo., Conn., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Utah, Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.

H. J. Scoggan (1978–1979) stated that reports of var. canadensis from Newfoundland require confirmation.