裸花水竹葉

Commelina nudiflora L. Sp. Pl. 1:41. 1753. Aneilema nudiflorum (L.) Wall. Cat. 5224. 1831-32; C. B. Clarke in DC., Monogr. Phanerog. 3: 210. 1881; Henry, List Pl. Formos. 98. 1896; Brown, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 153. 1903. Tradescantia malabarica L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 412. 1762. Aneilema malabaricum (L.) Merr., Philip. J. Sci. Bot. 232. 1912. Murdannia malabaricum (L.) G. Brückn. in Engl. Et Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, 15a: 173.1930.

Annual slender herbs, ca. 20 cm tall. Roots fibrous. Stems erect to ascending, branched, puberulent along a line decurrent from the sheath, otherwise nearly glabrous. Leaves sessile; blade linear to lanceolate, 2.5-6 cm long, 3-4 mm wide, apex acuminate or acute, glabrous, somewhat scabrescent at margins; sheath 4-5 mm long, ciliate at the mouth. Prophyll sheathing, ca. 7 mm long, apex bifid. Inflorescence terminal consisting of a single cincinnus, 1-2 flowering shoots from axils of the caulinus leaves; bracts ovate to oblong, ca. 2.7 mm long, ca. 2.2 wide; bracteoles ca. 1.7 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, fugacious, glabrous; pedicels ca. 2.8 mm long, erect in anthesis and fruiting. Flowers bisexual; sepals greenish, boat-shaped, oblong, equal, ca. 2.7 mm long, ca. 1.2 mm wide, apex obtuse; petals suborbicular, ca. 2 mm long, 1-1.4 mm wide, purple, veins obscure in fresh material; fertile stamens 2, equal, antesepalous, anthers yellow, elliptic-oblong, ca.0.5 mm long; pollen whitish; filaments ca. 1.5 mm long, bearded, the hairs moniliform, purple; staminodes 4, unequal, one antesepalous, the anther vestigial, the filament ca. 1.1 mm long, bearded; the others antepetalous, equal, antherodes trilobed, yellow, ca. 0.4 mm long, filaments 0.95 mm long, glabrous or sometimes with hairs; ovary ellipsoid in outline, acutely 3-angled, ca. 0.8 mm long; style thickened toward the base, ca. 0.9 mm long, glabrous. Capsule trilocular, 3-valved, ellipsoid, 3-angled, ca. 3-3.4 mm long, 2 mm across, locules 2-seeded, apex mucronulate. Seed brown, deltoid in outline, 1.4 mm long, ca. 1.2 mm wide, apex acute, base truncate, dorsiventral, dorsal surface slightly convex, ventral carinate, lepidote, pitted, embryotega lateral or semilateral, hilum punctiform.

Chiayi: Chuchi Hsiang: Neipuchiushe, elev. ca. 150m, Yen 4160 (HAST). Tainan: Chiali, Mori s. n. Aug. 24, 1941 (TAI); Cheluchien, on grassland, Hsu 46 (TAI); Chuwei, Yuching, in fields, Kao 6615 (TAI); Experimental Stat Taiwan Sugar Co., in sandy yard, partly in sugar can field, Hsu 6433 (TAI); Mato, Meidi-seito, Suzuki & Kamikoti 4805 (TAI). Pingtung: Bozan, Yamamoto s. n. Aug.-Sep. 1925 (TAI).

South-eastern USA, Mexico, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, Brazil, Western Africa, Japan, India, Sri Lanka, China (Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian), Laos, Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, Australia, Pacific Islands. Taiwan, in southern part, found in waste places, sugar-cane fields and grass land at low altitude. Flowering in May.- Dec.

本種植物在形態上和M. loriformis極為類似，但植株較纖細，沒有基生葉，花較小，可孕雄蕊及退化雄蕊花絲上皆著生念珠狀的毛，然而這些區別特徵在標本上往往無法識別，唯一可資鑑別的是種子的特徵： M. nudiflora種子表面有窩孔及白色的鱗屑物，而M. loriformis種子表面有密茸毛，排列成輻射狀或網狀的紋路。 本種植物多生長在農田附近，一般認為是田間雜草，因此採集時容易被忽略，本研究比較台灣及雲南西雙版納的族群，發現台灣的族群植株纖細，分支較少，葉光滑不被毛，花部特徵約為西雙版納的1/2，種子表面的窩孔較小且淺，這些特徵是否穩定且足以區別，有待進一步採到新鮮植株才能確定。

Phenology: annual herbs, evergreen

Roors form: roots fibrous

Stems form: monomorphic stem

Monomorphic stems habit: erect

Rooting at nodes or not: rooting at nodes

Lateral shoots: not perforating

Phyllotaxis: spiral phyllotaxis

Leaves: petiole: sessile

Leaves: shape (if dimorphic leaves, selected by rosette leaves): lanceolate, linear

Leaves: apex: acuminate, acute

Leaves: length (cm): 2.5-6

Leaves: width (cm): 3-4

Leaves indumentum: upper surface: glabrous

If upper surface glabrous, leaves indumentum: margin: glabrous, pubscent

Prophyll: sheathing, apex bifid

Inflorescence: take plance: terminal

Inflorescence: rhipidium

Bracts: shape: ovate, oblong

Corolla: actinomorphic: petal 3, base free, equal or subequal

Flowers: bisexual

Sepals: sepal 3, equal

Sepals: color: greenish

Sepals: base: free

Sepals: shape: oblong

Sepals: indumentum: glabrous

Sepals: length (if dimorphic sepals, selected by anticous two) (mm): 2.7

Sepals: width (if dimorphic sepals, selected by anticous two) (mm): 1.2

Flowers: color: pink, purple, or blue

Petals: shape: suborbicular

Petals: length (mm): 2

Petals: width (mm): 1-1.4

Stamens form: trimorphic: fertile stamens 2

Ovarys: shape: ellipsoid

Ovarys: indumentum: glabrous

Ovarys: length (mm): 0.8

Styles: indumentum: glabrous

Styles: length (mm): 0.9

Capsules: dehiscence: dehiscent

Capsules: shape: ellipsoid

Capsules: trilocular

Capsules: indumentum: glabrous

Capsule locules seeds: number: 2

Capsules: length (mm): 3-3.4

Seeds: lengh (if dimorphic seeds, selected by dorsal one) (mm): 1.4

Seeds: width (if dimorphic seeds, selected by dorsal one) (mm): 1.2