| 1 |
Culms woody, perennial; blade-base articulating from the sheath, ussually petiolate |
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subfam. 6. Bambusoideae |
| + |
Culms herbaceous, annual or perennial and not woody; blade-base not articulating from the sheath. |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Spikelets of one to many florets, if bearing two florets then the lower floret usually perfect; spikelets terete or laterally compressed, breaking up at maturity above the more or less persistent glumes |
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(3) |
| + |
Spikelets of two florets (1 floret in Sphaerocaryum), the lower staminate or neutral, the upper mostly perfect, fertile; spikelets usually dorsally compressed, falling of entirely together with glumes at maturity; length of embryo more than 1/3 as long as the spikelet.{subfam.Panicoideae] |
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(25) |
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| 3 (2) |
Glumes usually wanting or inconspicuous; palea odd-nerved, if 2-nerved, then linear or enclosed in a sac-like lemma.[Oryzoideae] |
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(6) |
| + |
Glumes distinct; paleas 2-keeled or inconspicuous nerved |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Lemmas 5- to many-nerved; blade-base devoid of long hairs; length of embryo less than 1/4 as long as the caryopsis; lodicules acute or acuminate, nerveless.[subfam. Festucoideae] |
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(8) |
| + |
Lemmas 1- to 3-nerved, or nearly nerveless; blade-base ususally with long hairs, length of embryo more than 1/3 as long as the caryopsis; lodicules truncate, nerved. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Lemmas distinctly nerved; spikelets nearly terete, laterally compressed; usually a tall reed[subfam. Arundinoideae] |
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(17) |
| + |
Lemmas faintly nerved; spikelets compressed; small to medium sized grasses[subfam. Eragrostioideae] |
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(19) |
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| 6 (3) |
Glumes absent or minute, wet-land, aquatic or swampy places. |
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(7) |
| + |
Glumes well developed |
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Phareae |
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| 7 (6) |
Spikelets unisexual. |
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Zizanieae |
| + |
Spikelets bisexual |
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Oryzeae |
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| 8 (4) |
Ovary with a hairy appendage at the apex; caryopsis adnate to the palea, hilum linear. |
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(9) |
| + |
Ovary glabrous, if hairy, without hairy appendage at the apex; caryopsis not adnate to the palea |
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(11) |
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| 9 (8) |
Spikelets pedicelled in a panicle |
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Bromeae |
| + |
Spikelets sessile or nearly sessile on the rachis of a solitary spike or raceme. |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Spikelets shortly pedicelled, on a raceme; awn terminal |
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Brachypodieae |
| + |
Spikelets sessile on opposite sides of the rachis |
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Triticeae |
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| 11 (8) |
Lemmas 7-11-nerved; lodicule one, fleshy, truncate |
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Meliceae |
| + |
Lemmas mostly 5-nerved (7-11-nerved n Avena); lodicules 2, acute or acuminate. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Spikelets one to several-flowered; lemmas not coriaceous, nerves distinct; sheaath margins adnate at least at the basal part. |
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(13) |
| + |
Spikelets one-flowered; lemmas coriaceous, nerves not distinct; sheath margins free. |
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(14) |
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| 13 (12) |
Glumes distinct, much shorter than the lowest lemma; flowers usually more than two. |
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Festuceae |
| + |
Glumes longer or nearly as long as the lowest lemma; florets 1, 3 or several. |
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Agrostideae |
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| 14 (12) |
Caryopsis large, with a hard beak at the apex |
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Phaenospermeae |
| + |
Caryopsis much smaller, without a beak. |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Lemmas awnless; dorsally compressed. |
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Milieae |
| + |
Lemmas awned, terete |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Awns trifid. |
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Aristideae |
| + |
Awn simple, sometimes flanked by 2 bristles. |
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Stipeae |
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| 17 (5) |
Spikelets 2-flowered, the lower empty; spikelets falling off with part of the pedicel attached |
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Thysanolaeneae |
| + |
Spikelets several-flowered |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Blades broad and tessellately nerved, ususally with a petiole |
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Centotheceae |
| + |
Blades linear or lanceolate, nerves not tessellate |
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Arundineae |
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| 19 (5) |
Spikelets with several to many fertile florets |
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Eragrostea |
| + |
Spikelets with only one fertile floret. |
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(20) |
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| 20 (19) |
Glumes coriaceous and usually longer than the lemma. |
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(21) |
| + |
Glumes thinner or of the same texture as the lemma, shorter than the lemma |
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(23) |
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| 21 (20) |
Inflorescence in a contracted and simplified panicle or a terminal raceme. |
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(22) |
| + |
Inflorescence a spike; spikelets sunken in the rachis joints |
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Leptureae |
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| 22 (21) |
Upper and lower glumes equal in length, both awned; peduncle slender and weak |
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Perotideae |
| + |
Upper glumes awnless, lower glume minute or wanting; peduncle stout |
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Zoysieae |
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| 23 (20) |
Spikelets cylindrical, falling entire; base of the glumes bearded; lemmas awned |
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Garnotieae |
| + |
Spikelets more or less compressed; base of the glumes not bearded. |
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(24) |
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| 24 (23) |
Inflorescence in digitate racemes or a terminal spike |
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Chlorideae |
| + |
Inflorescence in an open or contracted panicle |
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Sporoboleae |
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| 25 (2) |
Spikelets articulating above the glumes, if articulating below the glumes, then 1-flowered and lemma membranous. |
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(26) |
| + |
Spikelets articulating below the glumes; spikelets usually 2-flowered, paired or solitary. |
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(27) |
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| 26 (25) |
Callus glabrous; spikelets one or 2-flowered, usually awnless |
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Isachneae |
| + |
Callus hairy; spikelets 2-flowered, awned |
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Arundinelleae |
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| 27 (25) |
Upper lemma and palea coriaceous; thicker than the glumes |
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Paniceae |
| + |
Upper lemma and palea membranous; thinner than the glumes |
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Andropogoneae |
