Phleum indicum Houtt., Nat. Hist. II. 13: 198. pl. 90. f. 2. 1782.
Ischaemum ciliare Retz., Bot. Obs. Bot. 6: 36. 1791.
Ischaemum timorense Kunth, Rev. Gram. l: 369. pl. 98.
1829; Ohwi, l. c. 11: 174. 1942.
Culms geniculate or ascending, rooting at the lower nodes, the nodes bearded. Ligule fringed, 1 mm long. Racemes usually 2, sometimes 3-4, 3-5 cm long. Spikelets paired, obovate, nearly monomorphic. Sessile spikelets about 4 mm long; glumes coriaceous; lower glume about 4 mm long, upper half keeled and broadly winged, margins hispidulous, 7-nerved, bifid at the apex; upper glume lanceolate, pointed with a short awn of about 1 mm long; upper lemma about 3.5 mm long, membranous, 3-nerved, 2-cleft, keeled, margins ciliate, awn about 10 mm long, arising from the sinus; paleas membranous, slender, 2-keeled; anthers 2 mm long.
TAIPEI: Kuangyinshan, Hsu 2815* HSINCHU: Hsinchu, Shimada 430A, TAOYUAN: Pakuaitso, Suzuki s n. Nov. 25, 1934; Yangmei, Hsu 596. MIAOLI: Tapu, Hsu 484. TAICHUNG: Tatushan, Lin s. n. Oct. 11, 1969. CHANGHUA: Changhua, Morimoto 678 NANTOU: Sun Moon Lake, Hsu 1340; Puli, Hsu 1382. TAITUNG: Botel Tobago, Moo 2387, Kuoh 4981;Hsiao-Ye-Liu, YF Chen 20443.
Distributed in India and Southeast Asia generally.
Locally this species is very abundant and is common on open grasslands.
midrib 中肋: (la)large:several vascular bundles
leaf surface 表面: (fla)flat surface
sclerenchyma 厚壁組織: (mistr)strand variable with size of vein
chlorenchyma 葉綠組織: (radia)cells radiate and lesser than bundle sheath cell in width
bundle sheath 維管束鞘: (sk)single bundle sheath with conspicuous chloroplast
buliform cells well developed 泡狀細胞發達: mainly appear in adaxial side
with small vein under buliform cells泡狀細胞下有小脈: (bcarc)bulliform cell with colorless cells form an arc-shape
chlorenchyma cell number between two adjacent veins: 2
chloroplast form in bundle sheath 束鞘細胞內之葉綠體型式: (out)large amount and in centrifugal site
mestome sheath 內束鞘細胞: (Xyms -)metaxylem pole adjacent with outer bundle sheath
distance between two adjancent vein 脈間距: 91 micrometer
length/weidth ratio of bundle sheath in LS 束鞘細胞縱面長寬比: 2
chlorenchyma cell shape in LS 葉綠細胞縱面形狀: lobed
