1	Leaves strongly convex, midvein, stomatal bands, and marginal bands on abaxial surface all ± equal in width, 0.8-1 mm wide, base shallowly cordate or cordate-truncate		1 Cephalotaxus oliveri
+	Leaves ± flat, midvein and marginal bands both narrower than stomatal bands, base truncate, obtuse, cuneate, or shortly attenuate.		(2)
2 (1)	Leaves ± linear, tapered from widest point above middle near apex, stomatal bands with 11-15(-18) rows of stomata.		(3)
+	Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, tapered from widest point usually below middle, stomatal bands with (13-)17-26 rows of stomata.		(5)
3 (2)	Leaves 7-10 × as long as wide, apex gradually drawn out into a cusp 0.5-1 mm; peduncle of pollen-cone capitula naked except at apex		2 Cephalotaxus sinensis
+	Leaves 5-7 × as long as wide, apex abruptly mucronate, mucro less than 0.5 mm; peduncle of pollen-cone capitula bracteate, or unknown.		(4)
4 (3)	Trees to 15 m tall; leaves slightly falcate, with obtuse or truncate base and very short, apical mucro 0.1-0.2 mm		4 Cephalotaxus mannii
+	Shrubs or small trees to 5 m tall; leaves ± straight, with cuneate base and slightly longer, apical mucro 0.2-0.4 mm		3 Cephalotaxus latifolia
5 (2)	Seed cones borne at base of branchlets; seeds 3.5-4.5 cm; leaves thin textured and leathery		6 Cephalotaxus lanceolata
+	Seed cones borne at apex of branchlets; seeds 1.6-3 cm; leaves firm textured.		(6)
6 (5)	Leafy branchlets oblong-elliptic in outline, about 1/2 as wide as long		4 Cephalotaxus mannii
+	Leafy branchlets obtriangular in outline, ± rectangular or obovate, about as wide as or wider than long		5 Cephalotaxus fortunei