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64. Clinopodium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 587. 1753.
风轮菜属 feng lun cai shu
Herbs perennial. Leaves dentate, reduced upward, bractlike. Verticillasters ± headlike, in panicles; peduncle sometimes present; bracts linear to needlelike, to as long as calyx. Calyx tubular, 13-veined, sometimes constricted at middle, swollen on 1 side at base, straight or slightly curved, throat sparsely hairy, limb 2-lipped; upper lip 3-toothed, teeth ciliate, apex mucronate; lower lip longer, 2-toothed. Corolla purple-red, reddish, or white, 2-lipped; tube exserted, gradually dilated upward to throat, with 2 rows of hairs, puberulent; upper lip straight, apex emarginate; lower lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes entire; middle lobe larger, emarginate or entire. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer than posterior 2, reaching upper corolla lip, included or slightly exserted, posterior stamens sometimes rudimentary; anther cells 2, divaricate, ± obliquely inserted on dilated connectives. Style apex unequally 2-cleft, anterior lobe lanceolate, posterior lobe indistinct; ovary glabrous. Nutlets ovoid or subglobose, less than 1 mm in diam., glabrous, areolae small, basal.
About 20 species: Asia, Europe; 11 species in China.
Closely allied to Calamintha; many species are poorly defined.
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| 1 |
Peduncles of verticillasters much branched, secund. |
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(2) |
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Verticillasters sessile or on few-branched peduncles, not secund. |
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(3) |
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| 2 (1) |
Bracts needlelike, minute, indistinctly ribbed; calyx ca. 6 mm; corolla less than 1 cm |
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4 Clinopodium chinense |
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Bracts linear, distinctly ribbed; calyx ca. 8 mm; corolla ca. 1.2 cm |
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5 Clinopodium urticifolium |
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| 3 (1) |
Plants with 1 or 2 stems, mostly erect. |
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(4) |
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Plants with numerous, diffuse or much-branched, mostly slender, ascending basal stems. |
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(6) |
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| 4 (3) |
Plants branched, branches gradually shorter toward stem apex; corolla 1.5-2.0 cm |
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7 Clinopodium discolor |
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Plants unbranched or irregularly branched; corolla less than 1 cm. |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Leaves glabrous to subglabrous except for densely puberulent veins adaxially; verticillasters in continuous panicles on stem and branch apices; calyx white ciliate on veins otherwise glandular outside |
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11 Clinopodium omeiense |
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Leaves strigose; verticillasters globose, in capitate, ample panicles on stems and branches; calyx villous, glandular puberulent along veins outside |
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1 Clinopodium polycephalum |
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| 6 (3) |
Calyx less than 4 mm. |
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(7) |
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Calyx more than 4 mm. |
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(8) |
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| 7 (6) |
Verticillasters with floral leaves; calyx tube cylindric, glabrous or veins sparsely hairy, teeth of upper lip not reflexed in fruit |
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10 Clinopodium confine |
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Verticillasters without floral leaves; calyx tube unequal in diam., puberulent, veins minutely hispid, teeth of upper lip reflexed in fruit |
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9 Clinopodium gracile |
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| 8 (6) |
Corolla 1.5-2 cm, tube elongated, ca. 2 × or more as long as calyx |
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6 Clinopodium megalanthum |
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Corolla less than 1 cm. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Verticillasters more than 9-flowered, globose; bracts numerous, almost as long as calyx |
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2 Clinopodium repens |
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Verticillasters 2-8-flowered, not globose; bracts few, shorter than calyx. |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Bracts much shorter than pedicels; pedicel 3-5 mm; leaves spatulate, 10-25 × 7-10 mm |
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3 Clinopodium longipes |
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Bracts longer than pedicels; pedicel ca. 2 mm; leaves ovate, 7-12 × 5-8 mm |
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8 Clinopodium laxiflorum |
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List of lower taxa
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