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12. Simaroubaceae

苦木科 ku mu ke

Authors: Hua Peng & Wm. Wayt Thomas

Trees or shrubs usually with bitter bark. Leaves alternate, sometimes opposite, pinnate to unifoliolate or rarely simple; stipules present or absent. Inflorescences axillary, racemose, paniculate, cymose, rarely spicate. Flowers generally small, bisexual or unisexual (andromonoecious, functionally dioecious, or distinctly dioecious), often with rudiments of opposite sex, actinomorphic. Calyx of 4 or 5(-8) sepals, imbricate or valvate. Petals usually 4 or 5(-8), free, imbricate or valvate. Stamens same number as petals and alternate with them, or 2 × as many as petals (or more); filaments free, base often with an appendage; anthers oblong, versatile, bicelled, with a longitudinal slit. Disk usually present, sometimes a gynophore or androgynophore. Gynoecium weakly united at base, or virtually free, usually 2-5-carpellate; ovary superior, with axile placentation; ovules 1 or 2 per locule, apical or basal; style connate or free; stigmas 2-5. Fruit a "drupe" or "samara," actually 1-5 fruitlike monocarps produced per flower, each a druparium or a samarium; endosperm present or absent; embryo straight or curved, with thick cotyledons.

Twenty genera and ca. 95 species: mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, some species in temperate regions; three genera and ten species (six endemic) in China.

Harrisonia R. Brown ex A. Jussieu and Suriana Linnaeus, treated in the Simaroubaceae in FRPS (43(3): 13-15. 1997), are treated in the Cneoraceae and the Surianaceae, respectively, in this volume.

Chen Pangyu. 1997. Simaroubaceae (excluding Harrisonia and Suriana). In: Chen Shukun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 43(3): 1-16.


1 Fruit a samarium, flat, oblong-elliptic.   1 Ailanthus
+ Fruit a druparium, ovate or oblong-ovate   (2)
       
2 (1) Druparium with persistent calyx; leaflets glabrous on both surfaces or pubescent on midvein or lateral veins when young.   2 Picrasma
+ Druparium without persistent calyx; leaflets pubescent abaxially or on both surfaces.   3 Brucea

Lower Taxa


 

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