1	Leaves deeply pinnatifid to more than 1/2 width of blade, some lateral veins extending to apices of lobes, some to sinus between lobes.		(2)
+	Leaves lobed or not divided, lateral veins extending to apices of lobes or teeth only.		(5)
2 (1)	Fruit yellow or red; pyrenes (nutlets) with concave scars on 2 inner sides.		(3)
+	Fruit red or black; pyrenes smooth on 2 inner sides.		(4)
3 (2)	Fruit golden-yellow, 8–10 mm in diam., pyrenes 4 or 5; leaves glabrous or slightly pubescent.		15 C. altaica
+	Fruit red, 4–8 mm in diam., pyrenes 3–5; leaves glabrous.		16 C. remotilobata
4 (2)	Leaves cuneate, rarely broadly cuneate, with 2 or 3 pairs of lobes, subglabrous on both surfaces; fruit black; pyrenes 2 or 3.		18 C. songarica
+	Leaves truncate or broadly cuneate, with 3–5 pairs of lobes, pubescent along midvein and lateral veins; fruit red; pyrenes 3–5.		1 C. pinnatifida
5 (1)	Fruit black; inflorescence glabrous or nearly so.		(6)
+	Fruit red, rarely yellow; inflorescence pubescent or glabrous.		(7)
6 (5)	Pulp green; pyrenes 4 or 5, with concave scars on 2 inner sides; leaf blade triangular-ovate to broadly ovate, base broadly cuneate to subrounded, with 3–5 pairs of lobes, pubescent on both surfaces.		17 C. chlorosarca
+	Pulp yellow; pyrenes 2 or 3, smooth on 2 inner sides; leaf blade rhomboidal to broadly ovate, base cuneate, sometimes broadly cuneate, with 2 or 3 pairs of lobes, subglabrous on both surfaces.		18 C. songarica
7 (5)	Branches usually unarmed; leaf margin crenate-serrate or obtusely serrate, often not lobed, rarely 3–5-lobed on sterile branches.		2 C. scabrifolia
+	Branches armed, leaf blade lobed.		(8)
8 (7)	Leaf margin crenate-serrate, with 2–4 pairs of lobes in apical part.		(9)
+	Leaf margin sharply serrate, often with 2–4 pairs of lobes in apical part, rarely only 3-lobed near apex.		(10)
9 (8)	Hypanthium and sepals abaxially glabrous; sepals entire.		3 C. hupehensis
+	Hypanthium and sepals abaxially densely pubescent; sepals 2–4-crenulate-serrate.		4 C. shensiensis
10 (8)	Pedicel and peduncle pubescent or tomentose.		(11)
+	Pedicel and peduncle glabrous.		(16)
11 (10)	Leaf basally cuneate, margin apically incised or 3(–7)-lobed; pyrenes smooth on both inner sides.		(12)
+	Leaf basally broadly cuneate to rounded, margin with 3–7 pairs of lobes; pyrenes with concave scars on both inner sides.		(13)
12 (11)	Simple corymb 2–2.5 cm in diam., 5–7-flowered; petiole 4–5 mm.		5 C. cuneata
+	Compound corymb ca. 8 cm in diam.; 7–18-flowered; petiole 1.5–4 cm.		6 C. shandongensis
13 (11)	Leaves adaxially subglabrous, abaxially sparsely pubescent.		(14)
+	Leaves pubescent on both surfaces.		(15)
14 (13)	Thorns 6–10 mm; leaf petiole pilose or subglabrous, blade margin sharply serrate; fruit ellipsoid, glabrous.		7 C. wilsonii
+	Thorns 10–25 mm; leaf petiole glabrescent, blade margin doubly serrate; fruit subglobose, sparsely pubescent.		8 C. oresbia
15 (13)	Leaf basally cuneate or broadly cuneate, occasionally truncate; fruit globose, red or purplish brown.		9 C. maximowiczii
+	Leaf basally rounded, truncate, or broadly cuneate; fruit subglobose, orangish red.		10 C. aurantia
16 (10)	Leaf basally cuneate; fruit sanguine, ca. 1 cm in diam.		11 C. sanguinea
+	Leaf basally truncate or broadly cuneate; fruit yellow, orange, red, or black, not more than 1 cm in diam.		(17)
17 (16)	Ovary apically glabrous.		(18)
+	Ovary apically pubescent.		(19)
18 (17)	Leaf blade rhombic-ovate or elliptic-ovate, with 3–5 pairs of lobes, apex acuminate; fruit subglobose or oblong, orangish red.		12 C. dahurica
+	Leaf blade broadly ovate, with 2–4 pairs of lobes, apex obtuse; fruit ellipsoid, red.		13 C. chungtienensis
19 (17)	Leaf blade with 5–7 pairs of lobes, margin densely serrate.		14 C. kansuensis
+	Leaf blade with 2–4 pairs of lobes, margin remotely serrate.		(20)
20 (19)	Thorns usually absent; corymbs 3–4 cm in diam.; fruit yellow, 8–10 mm in diam.		15 C. altaica
+	Thorns usually present; corymbs 6–7 cm in diam.; fruit red, 4–8 mm in diam.		16 C. remotilobata