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7. Cyclobalanopsis Oersted, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn. 1866: 77. 1867.
[nom. cons.]

青冈属 qing gang shu

Quercus Linnaeus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis (Oersted) C. K. Schneider.

Trees or rarely shrubs, evergreen. Trunk bark usually smooth, rarely deeply splitting. Winter buds ovoid-globose, ovoid-conical, or rarely ovoid-ellipsoid; scales many, imbricate. Stipules extrapetiolar. Leaves spirally arranged. Male inflorescences pendulous; flowers loosely arranged or clustered on rachis; perianth usually 5- or 6-lobed; stamens as many as perianth lobes, sometimes less, filament slender; pistil rudimentary. Female inflorescences with a solitary flower or spiciform; cupules with 1 flower; perianth 5- or 6-lobed; staminodes sometimes present, small; ovary 3-loculed; styles (2 or)3(or 4); stigmas capitate or dilated. Cupules solitary; bracts scalelike, whorled, connate, in rings or spirally fused. Nut usually 1 per cupule; abortive ovule persisting in subapical, lateral, or basal part of seed. Germination hypogeal.

About 150 species: mainly in tropical and subtropical Asia; 69 species (43 endemic) in China.

Cyclobalanopsis is often treated as a subgenus of Quercus, with all other species of Quercus belonging to subgenus Quercus.

Species of Cyclobalanopsis are among the main components of broad-leaved evergreen forests in China’s southern provinces N to the Qinling Mountains and the Huai He basin. In general, Cyclobalanopsis has a more southern distribution and Quercus a more northern distribution.


1 Leaf blade margin entire, crenate, repand, or apically with 1-4 or rarely more shallow serrations, or indistinctly serrulate.   (2)
+ Leaf blade margin serrate or serrulate on at least apical 1/3.   (35)
       
2 (1) Leaf blade 12 cm or more.   (3)
+ Leaf blade less than 12 cm.   (14)
       
3 (2) Cupules 1-1.5 cm in diam.   (4)
+ Cupules 1.5-4 cm in diam.   (7)
       
4 (3) Petiole 0.5-1 cm, not sulcate.   (5)
+ Petiole 2-5 cm, adaxially sulcate.   (6)
       
5 (4) Leaf blade abaxially glabrous, midvein impressed; cupules outside tomentose, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut   17 Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia
+ Leaf blade abaxially slightly farinose, midvein raised; cupules outside glabrous or puberulent, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut   18 Cyclobalanopsis augustinii
       
6 (4) Branchlets and leaves glabrous; cupules cupular   1 Cyclobalanopsis jenseniana
+ Branchlets and leaves hairy; cupules bowl-shaped   23 Cyclobalanopsis tomentosinervis
       
7 (3) Branchlets glabrous.   (8)
+ Branchlets tomentose.   (10)
       
8 (7) Secondary veins 6-8 on each side of midvein   15 Cyclobalanopsis albicaulis
+ Secondary veins 9-12 on each side of midvein.   (9)
       
9 (8) Cupules bowl-shaped, enclosing ca. 2/3 of nut; nuts oblate, scar 2-2.5 cm in diam.   5 Cyclobalanopsis tenuicupula
+ Cupules campanulate to obconic, enclosing less than 1/2 of nut; nuts ellipsoid, scar ca. 0.8 cm in diam.   20 Cyclobalanopsis saravanensis
       
10 (7) Petiole and leaves glabrous.   (11)
+ Petiole and leaves tomentose.   (12)
       
11 (10) Nuts subglobose, ca. 1.7 cm, sericeous   3 Cyclobalanopsis camusiae
+ Nuts oblong-ellipsoid, 3.5-4 cm, pilose   4 Cyclobalanopsis semiserrata
       
12 (10) Leaf blade midvein adaxially slightly raised; cupules campanulate to cylindric, enclosing ca. 2/3 of nut   2 Cyclobalanopsis fleuryi
+ Leaf blade midvein adaxially impressed or flat; cupules bowl-shaped to discoid, enclosing base to 1/2 of nut.   (13)
       
13 (12) Midvein adaxially flat; cupule covering only base of nut, bracts in 4-6 rings; nut scar 0.7-1 cm in diam.   14 Cyclobalanopsis hui
+ Midvein adaxially impressed; cupule covering 1/3-1/2 of nut, bracts in 8-10 rings; nut scar 1.2-1.4 cm in diam.   27 Cyclobalanopsis helferiana
       
14 (2) Leaf blade apex obtuse, rounded, retuse, or with a short, blunt tip.   (15)
+ Leaf blade apex acute, acuminate, or caudate.   (20)
       
15 (14) Nuts oblate, subglobose, or broadly ovoid.   (16)
+ Nuts ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid, or obovoid.   (18)
       
16 (15) Leaf blade midvein adaxially flat; cupule covering only base of nut; nuts tomentose   14 Cyclobalanopsis hui
+ Leaf blade midvein slightly impressed to impressed; cupule enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut; nuts glabrous or glabrescent.   (17)
       
17 (16) Petiole 0.2-0.8 cm; cupule bracts in 7-9 rings; nuts glabrous, scar 5-8 mm in diam.   10 Cyclobalanopsis obovatifolia
+ Petiole 0.8-1.5 cm; cupule bracts in 4-7 rings; nuts hairy when young, scar 4-5 mm in diam.   12 Cyclobalanopsis championii
       
18 (15) Petiole 1-1.5 cm; cupules 2-2.5 cm in diam.; nuts 1.7-2 cm in diam.   6 Cyclobalanopsis dinghuensis
+ Petiole less than 0.5 cm; cupules 1-1.5 cm in diam.; nuts 1-1.6 cm in diam.   (19)
       
19 (18) Cupules saucer-shaped to cupular, 1.3-1.5(-1.8) cm in diam., covering only base of nut   11 Cyclobalanopsis neglecta
+ Cupules bowl-shaped, 1-1.2 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut   7 Cyclobalanopsis litseoides
       
20 (14) Leaf blade abaxially hairy.   (21)
+ Leaf blade abaxially glabrous at least when old or only puberulent.   (27)
       
21 (20) Leaf blade abaxially stellate or stellate tomentose at least when young.   (22)
+ Leaf blade abaxially woolly, villous, or tomentose at least when young.   (24)
       
22 (21) Nuts ellipsoid, ovoid-ellipsoid, or globose   65 Cyclobalanopsis poilanei
+ Nuts oblate to subglobose.   (23)
       
23 (22) Petiole 0.2-0.8 cm; secondary veins 5-8 on each side of midvein; nuts glabrous, scar 5-8 mm in diam.   10 Cyclobalanopsis obovatifolia
+ Petiole (0.5-)1-2 cm; secondary veins 10-15 on each side of midvein; nuts velutinous, scar ca. 10 mm in diam.   13 Cyclobalanopsis chungii
       
24 (21) Petiole 2-3.5 cm; leaf blade apex caudate, midvein abaxially impressed   23 Cyclobalanopsis tomentosinervis
+ Petiole 0.5-1.4 cm; leaf blade apex acute to acuminate, midvein abaxially flat.   (25)
       
25 (24) Petiole triangular in cross section; nut scar slightly convex   22 Cyclobalanopsis hypophaea
+ Petiole not triangular in cross section; nut scar flat or impressed.   (26)
       
26 (25) Branchlets light brown woolly; petiole 0.6-0.8 cm; leaf blade tertiary veins inconspicuous; nuts ovoid-ellipsoid to ellipsoid   8 Cyclobalanopsis tiaoloshanica
+ Branchlets orangish brown tomentose; petiole 1-1.4 cm; leaf blade tertiary veins slender but evident; nuts oblate   14 Cyclobalanopsis hui
       
27 (20) Nuts oblate or subglobose, scar 1-2.5 cm in diam.   (28)
+ Nuts not oblate nor subglobose, scar 0.4-0.8 cm in diam.   (29)
       
28 (27) Leaf blade leathery; nuts oblate, ca. 1.7 cm in diam., scar ca. 1 cm in diam.   3 Cyclobalanopsis camusiae
+ Leaf blade papery; nuts subglobose, 2.5-3 cm in diam., scar 2-2.5 cm in diam.   5 Cyclobalanopsis tenuicupula
       
29 (27) Cupules campanulate to obconic or bowl-shaped, 2-3 cm in diam.   (30)
+ Cupules cupular, 0.8-1.8 cm in diam.   (31)
       
30 (29) Leaf blade papery, pubescent when young; cupules campanulate to obconic, outside puberulent   15 Cyclobalanopsis albicaulis
+ Leaf blade subleathery, glabrous; cupules bowl-shaped, outside villous   20 Cyclobalanopsis saravanensis
       
31 (29) Leaf blade apex acute to acuminate.   (32)
+ Leaf blade apex caudate.   (33)
       
32 (31) Leaf blade abaxially glabrous, midvein impressed; cupules outside tomentose, enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut   17 Cyclobalanopsis sessilifolia
+ Leaf blade abaxially slightly farinose, midvein raised; cupules outside glabrous or puberulent, enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut   18 Cyclobalanopsis augustinii
       
33 (31) Petiole 0.5-0.8 cm; nuts 0.6-0.8(-1.5) cm in diam.   19 Cyclobalanopsis chevalieri
+ Petiole 1-2 cm; nuts 1-1.5 cm in diam.   (34)
       
34 (33) Leaf blade papery; cupules 1.6-1.8 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut; nuts ellipsoid, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., velutinous at least apically   16 Cyclobalanopsis delicatula
+ Leaf blade subleathery; cupules ca. 1.5 cm in diam., enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut; nuts ovoid-conical, 1-1.3 cm in diam., glabrous   21 Cyclobalanopsis motuoensis
       
35 (1) Leaf blade 14 cm or more.   (36)
+ Leaf blade less than 14 cm.   (58)
       
36 (35) Leaf blade margin serrate or serrulate on apical 1/2 or less.   (37)
+ Leaf blade margin serrate or serrulate at least on apical 2/3.   (46)
       
37 (36) Leaf blade secondary veins 18-22 on each side of midvein   24 Cyclobalanopsis rex
+ Leaf blade secondary veins 8-14 on each side of midvein (sometimes to 16 in C. thorelii).   (38)
       
38 (37) Leaf blade less than 2.5 × as long as wide.   (39)
+ Leaf blade 3 × or more as long as wide.   (42)
       
39 (38) Leaf blade apex shortly acute to ± caudate; cupules enclosing 1/2-2/3 of nut.   (40)
+ Leaf blade apex with a short, blunt tip; cupules enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut.   (41)
       
40 (39) Leaf blade papery; cupules enclosing ca. 2/3 of nut   5 Cyclobalanopsis tenuicupula
+ Leaf blade leathery; cupules enclosing to 1/2 of nut   34 Cyclobalanopsis kiukiangensis
       
41 (39) Petiole 1-1.8 cm; leaf blade margin serrate; cupule bracts in 8-12 rings; nut scar 0.8-1 cm in diam.   37 Cyclobalanopsis phanera
+ Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade margin serrulate; cupule bracts in 6-8 rings; nut scar ca. 0.7 cm in diam.   38 Cyclobalanopsis edithiae
       
42 (38) Cupules discoid or cupular.   (43)
+ Cupules semiglobose, campanulate, or cylindric.   (44)
       
43 (42) Leaf blade pubescent when young; cupules 2.5-3 cm in diam.; nuts oblate, 2.2-3 cm in diam., scar 1-1.4 cm in diam.   35 Cyclobalanopsis bella
+ Leaf blade glabrous; cupules 1-1.2 cm in diam.; nuts ellipsoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, 1-1.2 cm in diam., scar ca. 0.5 cm in diam.   56 Cyclobalanopsis elevaticostata
       
44 (42) Nuts ellipsoid, oblong-ellipsoid, or obovoid, 1.2-1.6 cm in diam., scar 0.5-0.7 cm in diam.   63 Cyclobalanopsis pachyloma
+ Nuts cylindric-ellipsoid, 2-3 cm in diam., scar 1.2-1.5 cm in diam.   (45)
       
45 (44) Leaf blade midvein adaxially slightly raised; pistillate inflorescences 2.5-3.5 cm; cupule bracts in 10-13 rings, margin subentire; nut scar ca. 1.2 cm in diam.   2 Cyclobalanopsis fleuryi
+ Leaf blade midvein adaxially flat; pistillate inflorescences ca. 1.5 cm; cupule bracts in 8 or 9 rings, margin dentate; nut scar ca. 1.5 cm in diam.   39 Cyclobalanopsis kouangsiensis
       
46 (36) Leaf blade abaxially with stellate or furcate hairs.   (47)
+ Leaf blade abaxially simple hairs or glabrous.   (50)
       
47 (46) Cupules oblate to semiglobose, 3-5 cm in diam., enclosing 2/3-4/5 of nut; nuts 3-4 cm in diam.   25 Cyclobalanopsis lamellosa
+ Cupules cupular or discoid, 1.5-2.5 cm in diam., covering base to 1/2 of nut; nuts 1.5-2.8 cm in diam.   (48)
       
48 (47) Petiole 1-2 cm; cupules discoid, 2-2.5 cm in diam.; nuts oblate, 2-2.8 cm in diam., scar 1-2 cm in diam.   26 Cyclobalanopsis kerrii
+ Petiole 2.5-4 cm; cupules cupular, 1.5-2 cm in diam.; nuts ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.2-1.7 cm in diam., scar ca. 0.8 cm in diam.   (49)
       
49 (48) Leaf blade abaxially densely pale brown stellate tomentose; nuts hairy, glabrescent   28 Cyclobalanopsis gambleana
+ Leaf blade abaxially pruinose to whitish farinose and with adnate simple and furcate hairs but soon glabrescent; nuts glabrous or rarely pilose at apex   29 Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon
       
50 (46) Nuts oblate.   (51)
+ Nuts ovoid to ellipsoid.   (54)
       
51 (50) Leaf blade barbate in vein axils, midvein impressed; cupules oblate, 3.5-5 cm in diam.   43 Cyclobalanopsis sichourensis
+ Leaf blade not barbate in vein axils, midvein raised to slightly so; cupules saucer-shaped, bowl-shaped, or cupular, 1.5-3 cm in diam.   (52)
       
52 (51) Petiole glabrous when young; cupules covering only base of nut; nuts glabrous or basally pilose   42 Cyclobalanopsis chapensis
+ Petiole hairy when young; cupules covering most of nut; nuts tomentose.   (53)
       
53 (52) Cupules ca. 3 cm in diam., bract margins subentire; nuts 2.5-3 cm in diam., scar ca. 2 cm in diam.   40 Cyclobalanopsis thorelii
+ Cupules 1.5-1.8 cm in diam., bract margins dentate; nuts 1.3-1.8 cm in diam., scar ca. 1.2 cm in diam.   54 Cyclobalanopsis austrocochinchinensis
       
54 (50) Leaf blade base ± truncate to somewhat auriculate   32 Cyclobalanopsis yonganensis
+ Leaf blade base cuneate to subrounded.   (55)
       
55 (54) Leaf blade apex with a short, blunt tip; cupule bracts in 9-12 rings   33 Cyclobalanopsis litoralis
+ Leaf blade apex acute to acuminate; cupule bracts in 5-7 rings.   (56)
       
56 (55) Cupules 2-3 cm in diam., covering only base of nut; nuts 1.5-3 cm in diam.   36 Cyclobalanopsis blakei
+ Cupules 1-1.5 cm in diam., covering 1/3-1/2 of nut; nuts 1-1.2 cm in diam.   (57)
       
57 (56) Cupule bracts in 6 or 7 rings, margin subentire; nuts ca. 1 cm in diam., scar 3-5 mm in diam.   31 Cyclobalanopsis multinervis
+ Cupule bracts in 5 rings, margin dentate; nuts ca. 1.2 cm in diam., scar ca. 7 mm in diam.   46 Cyclobalanopsis pentacycla
       
58 (35) Leaf usually less than 2.5(-3) × as long as wide.   (59)
+ Leaf blade 3 × as long as wide.   (86)
       
59 (58) Leaf blade abaxially with stellate hairs at least when young.   (60)
+ Leaf blade abaxially with simple hairs or glabrous.   (65)
       
60 (59) Leaf blade margin serrate on no more than apical 1/2.   (61)
+ Leaf blade margin serrate on apical ca. 2/3.   (63)
       
61 (60) Cupules 3-3.5 cm in diam.; nuts ca. 2.5 cm in diam.   41 Cyclobalanopsis chingsiensis
+ Cupules 1-1.8 cm in diam.; nuts 1-1.5 cm in diam.   (62)
       
62 (61) Leaf blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic; pistillate inflorescences 1-2 cm, with 3-7 cupules   65 Cyclobalanopsis poilanei
+ Leaf blade oblong to ovate-elliptic; pistillate inflorescences ca. 4 cm, with 2 or 3 cupules   66 Cyclobalanopsis delavayi
       
63 (60) Leaf blade margin bluntly serrate   26 Cyclobalanopsis kerrii
+ Leaf blade margin sharply serrate.   (64)
       
64 (63) Leaf blade secondary veins 9-11 on each side of midvein; cupules 2-3 cm in diam.; nuts oblate, 2.5-2.8 cm in diam.   57 Cyclobalanopsis patelliformis
+ Leaf blade secondary veins 13-16 on each side of midvein; cupules ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; nuts broadly ovoid, ca. 1.2 cm in diam.   64 Cyclobalanopsis lobbii
       
65 (59) Mature leaf blades abaxially glabrous or subglabrous.   (66)
+ Mature leaf blades abaxially pubescent.   (76)
       
66 (65) Leaf blade margin serrate for apical 2/3.   (67)
+ Leaf blade margin serrate from middle to apex or only apically.   (70)
       
67 (66) Leaf blade secondary veins 7-9 on each side of midvein; cupules obconic   33 Cyclobalanopsis litoralis
+ Leaf blade secondary veins 11-17 on each side of midvein; cupules discoid, bowl-shaped, or cupular.   (68)
       
68 (67) Leaf blade secondary veins 11-13 on each side of midvein, midvein adaxially impressed; cupules discoid, covering only base of nut   53 Cyclobalanopsis disciformis
+ Leaf blade secondary veins 13-17 on each side of midvein, midvein adaxially raised; cupules bowl-shaped to cupular, enclosing 1/3 to most of nut.   (69)
       
69 (68) Branchlets with stellate hairs when young; leaf blade midvein adaxially raised; cupules ca. 3 cm in diam., enclosing almost all of nut; nuts 2.5-3 cm in diam.   40 Cyclobalanopsis thorelii
+ Branchlets glabrous; leaf blade midvein adaxially impressed; cupules ca. 1.5 cm in diam., enclosing 1/3-1/2 of nut; nuts 1.2-2 cm in diam.   50 Cyclobalanopsis lungmaiensis
       
70 (66) Cupule bracts adherent to wall   19 Cyclobalanopsis chevalieri
+ Cupule bracts not adherent to wall.   (71)
       
71 (70) Nuts 1-1.8 cm in diam.   (72)
+ Nuts 2-3 cm in diam.   (73)
       
72 (71) Petiole 0.5-0.8 cm; leaf blade apex with a short, blunt tip; cupule enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut, bracts in 5 or 6 rings; nut scar 3-5 mm in diam.   9 Cyclobalanopsis daimingshanensis
+ Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade apex caudate; cupule enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut, bracts in 7 or 8 rings; nut scar ca. 10 mm in diam.   52 Cyclobalanopsis morii
       
73 (71) Nuts semiglobose or oblate, scar more than 2 cm in diam.   5 Cyclobalanopsis tenuicupula
+ Nuts cylindric-ellipsoid to broadly ovoid, scar less than 1 cm in diam.   (74)
       
74 (73) Leaf blade apex acuminate, margin with awnlike and incurved serrations; cupules enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut; nuts broadly ovoid, scar flat   30 Cyclobalanopsis austroglauca
+ Leaf blade apex with a short, blunt tip, margin serrate to serrulate; cupules enclosing 1/4-1/3 of nut; nuts cylindric to ellipsoid, scar slightly convex.   (75)
       
75 (74) Petiole 1-1.8 cm; leaf blade margin serrate; cupule bracts in 8-12 rings; nut scar 0.8-1 cm in diam.   37 Cyclobalanopsis phanera
+ Petiole 2-3 cm; leaf blade margin serrulate; cupule bracts in 6-8 rings; nut scar ca. 0.7 cm in diam.   38 Cyclobalanopsis edithiae
       
76 (65) Leaf blade abaxially not pruinose.   (77)
+ Leaf blade abaxially pruinose.   (79)
       
77 (76) Leaf blade secondary veins 8-12 on each side of midvein; cupules 0.8-1.2 cm in diam., bracts in 6-8 rings; nuts 0.7-1 cm in diam.   68 Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides
+ Leaf blade secondary veins 12-18 on each side of midvein; cupules 1.8-5 cm in diam., bracts in 9-11 rings; nuts 1.5-4 cm in diam.   (78)
       
78 (77) Petiole 2.5-3.5 cm, tomentose at least when young; leaf blade secondary veins 15-18 on each side of midvein; cupules oblate, 3.5-5 cm in diam.; nut 3-4 cm in diam.   43 Cyclobalanopsis sichourensis
+ Petiole 1-1.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade secondary veins 12-14 on each side of midvein; cupules bowl-shaped, ca. 1.8 cm in diam.; nut ca. 1.5 cm in diam.   67 Cyclobalanopsis jinpinensis
       
79 (76) Cupules obconic.   (80)
+ Cupules saucer-shaped, bowl-shaped, or cupular.   (81)
       
80 (79) Petiole 1.5-2 cm, glabrous; leaf blade base subrounded and slightly oblique, secondary veins 13-15 on each side of midvein; cupule bract margins dentate   46 Cyclobalanopsis pentacycla
+ Petiole 0.5-1 cm, puberulent; leaf blade base cuneate, secondary veins 8-10 on each side of midvein; cupule bract margins subentire   69 Cyclobalanopsis xanthotricha
       
81 (79) Leaf blade margin remotely serrulate   49 Cyclobalanopsis glauca
+ Leaf blade margin awnlike serrate.   (82)
       
82 (81) Cupule bract margins entire or subentire.   (83)
+ Cupule bract margins of at least basal 1 or 2 denticulate or loosely dentate, others entire, subentire, or repand.   (84)
       
83 (82) Cupules cupular; nuts ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous, scar 3-5 mm in diam.   31 Cyclobalanopsis multinervis
+ Cupules bowl-shaped; nuts 1.1-1.4 cm in diam., loosely incanous, scar 6-7 cm in diam.   51 Cyclobalanopsis annulata
       
84 (82) Leaf blade secondary veins 13-17 on each side of midvein   50 Cyclobalanopsis lungmaiensis
+ Leaf blade secondary veins 10-13 on each side of midvein.   (85)
       
85 (84) Nut scar ca. 1 cm in diam., flat; stylopodium 4- or 5-ringed   30 Cyclobalanopsis austroglauca
+ Nut scar ca. 0.8 cm in diam., convex; stylopodium 3-ringed   34 Cyclobalanopsis kiukiangensis
       
86 (58) Leaf blade margin serrate on apical 1/2 or on subapical part.   (87)
+ Leaf blade margin serrate at least on apical 2/3.   (101)
       
87 (86) Leaf blade mostly broader from middle to apex.   (88)
+ Leaf blade mostly broader from base to middle.   (92)
       
88 (87) Mature leaf blades abaxially glabrous or glabrescent.   (89)
+ Mature leaf blades abaxially not glabrescent.   (90)
       
89 (88) Petiole 1.5-2 cm; cupule outside usually densely tawny tomentose, wall ca. 1.5 mm thick; nut densely tawny tomentose when young but glabrescent, scar slightly convex   63 Cyclobalanopsis pachyloma
+ Petiole 0.5-0.8(-1.2) cm; cupule outside glabrous, wall less than 1 mm thick; nut glabrous, scar flat   19 Cyclobalanopsis chevalieri
       
90 (88) Nuts oblate, 1.4-1.7 cm in diam., scar ca. 1 cm in diam.   13 Cyclobalanopsis chungii
+ Nuts obovoid-ellipsoid, ovoid, or ellipsoid, 0.9-1.4 cm in diam., scar 0.5-0.6 cm in diam.   (91)
       
91 (90) Leaf blade abaxially with simple or lepidote hairs, margin remotely serrate   49 Cyclobalanopsis glauca
+ Leaf blade abaxially stellate velutinous, margin with short, awnlike serrations   62 Cyclobalanopsis gilva
       
92 (87) Cupules 2.5-3.4 cm in diam.; nuts 2.2-3 cm in diam., scar 1-1.5 cm in diam.   (93)
+ Cupules 0.6-1.8 cm in diam.; nuts 0.8-1.7 cm in diam., scar 0.4-0.8 cm in diam.   (94)
       
93 (92) Petiole glabrous; cupules discoid, covering only base of nut; nuts oblate   35 Cyclobalanopsis bella
+ Petiole tomentose; cupules campanulate, enclosing more than 1/2 of nut; nuts cylindric-ellipsoid   39 Cyclobalanopsis kouangsiensis
       
94 (92) Cupules obconic   69 Cyclobalanopsis xanthotricha
+ Cupules saucer-shaped, bowl-shaped, or cupular.   (95)
       
95 (94) Leaf blade abaxially pruinose; secondary veins inconspicuous.   (96)
+ Leaf blade abaxially not pruinose; secondary veins evident.   (97)
       
96 (95) Leaf blade margin conspicuously serrate; cupule bracts connate at apex; nut scar slightly convex   18 Cyclobalanopsis augustinii
+ Leaf blade margin serrulate; cupule bracts not connate at apex; nut scar flat   61 Cyclobalanopsis myrsinifolia
       
97 (95) Petiole 0.5-0.8 cm   19 Cyclobalanopsis chevalieri
+ Petiole 1-3 cm.   (98)
       
98 (97) Leaf blade glabrous; cupule enclosing ca. 1/3 of nut   56 Cyclobalanopsis elevaticostata
+ Leaf blade abaxially variously pubescent; cupule enclosing ca. 1/2 of nut.   (99)
       
99 (98) Branchlets and petioles stellate tomentose; leaf blade secondary veins 10-14 on each side of midvein; cupule bract margins shallowly denticulate   66 Cyclobalanopsis delavayi
+ Branchlets and petioles glabrous; leaf blade secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein; cupule bract margins dentate.   (100)
       
100 (99) Leaf blade brownish when dry, margin remotely and shallowly serrate; cupules cupular, outside whitish pilose but glabrescent   59 Cyclobalanopsis stewardiana
+ Leaf blade not brownish when dry, margin serrate; cupules bowl-shaped, outside grayish brown tomentose   60 Cyclobalanopsis longinux
       
101 (86) Leaf blade abaxially with stellate or furcate hairs.   (102)
+ Leaf blade abaxially with simple hairs or glabrous.   (107)
       
102 (101) Cupules discoid or saucer-shaped, 2-3 cm in diam.   (103)
+ Cupules cupular, 1-1.8(-20) cm in diam.   (104)
       
103 (102) Cupules discoid, 2-2.5 cm in diam.; nuts oblate   26 Cyclobalanopsis kerrii
+ Cupules saucer-shaped, ca. 3 cm in diam.; nuts ovoid-conical   58 Cyclobalanopsis yingjiangensis
       
104 (102) Leaf blade margin glandular serrate   45 Cyclobalanopsis ningangensis
+ Leaf blade margin remotely minutely serrate to serrate.   (105)
       
105 (104) Leaf blade secondary veins 9-14 on each side of midvein, midvein flat, margin remotely minutely serrate   44 Cyclobalanopsis argyrotricha
+ Leaf blade secondary veins 16-24 on each side of midvein, midvein impressed, margin serrate.   (106)
       
106 (105) Leaf blade abaxially densely pale brown stellate tomentose; nuts hairy, glabrescent   28 Cyclobalanopsis gambleana
+ Leaf blade abaxially pruinose to whitish farinose and with adnate simple and furcate hairs.but soon glabrescent; nuts glabrous or rarely pilose at apex   29 Cyclobalanopsis oxyodon
       
107 (101) Nuts ovoid to ellipsoid.   (108)
+ Nuts oblate.   (113)
       
108 (107) Leaf blade base ± truncate to somewhat auriculate   32 Cyclobalanopsis yonganensis
+ Leaf blade base cuneate to subrounded.   (109)
       
109 (108) Cupules 2-3 cm in diam., covering only base of nut   36 Cyclobalanopsis blakei
+ Cupules 1-1.5 cm in diam., covering 1/3-1/2 of nut.   (110)
       
110 (109) Cupules outside puberulent or velutinous.   (111)
+ Cupules outside tomentose.   (112)
       
111 (110) Cupules outside puberulent, bract margins subentire; nuts ca. 1 cm in diam.   31 Cyclobalanopsis multinervis
+ Cupules outside velutinous, bract margins dentate; nuts ca. 1.5 cm in diam.   47 Cyclobalanopsis stenophylloides
       
112 (110) Cupules 1-1.3 cm in diam.; nuts ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm in diam.   48 Cyclobalanopsis gracilis
+ Cupules ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; nuts broadly ovoid to oblate, 1.2-2 cm in diam.   50 Cyclobalanopsis lungmaiensis
       
113 (107) Cupules covering only base of nut.   (114)
+ Cupules covering 1/3 to nearly all nut.   (115)
       
114 (113) Petiole glabrous when young; leaf blade secondary veins 15-20 on each side of midvein   42 Cyclobalanopsis chapensis
+ Petiole tomentose when young; leaf blade secondary veins 11-13 on each side of midvein   53 Cyclobalanopsis disciformis
       
115 (113) Leaf blade midvein impressed   50 Cyclobalanopsis lungmaiensis
+ Leaf blade midvein raised to slightly so.   (116)
       
116 (115) Cupules 1.5-1.8 cm in diam.; nuts 1.3-1.8 cm in diam., scar ca. 1.2 cm in diam.   54 Cyclobalanopsis austrocochinchinensis
+ Cupules ca. 3 cm in diam.; nuts 2.5-3 cm in diam., scar 1.8-2 cm in diam.   (117)
       
117 (116) Leaf blade secondary veins 13-16 on each side of midvein; fruit maturing during current year   40 Cyclobalanopsis thorelii
+ Leaf blade secondary veins 17-22 on each side of midvein; fruit maturing on 1-year-old branchlets   55 Cyclobalanopsis subhinoidea

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  • Lectotypification and new synonymy in Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis (Fagaceae)
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