| 1 |
Annuals or rarely biennials. |
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(2) |
| + |
Perennials, with well-developed caudex often covered with leaf or petiolar remains of previous years. |
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(7) |
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| 2 (1) |
Cauline leaves absent, very rarely 1; fruit base acute |
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43 D. melanopus |
| + |
Cauline leaves 2-24(-30); fruit base obtuse. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Seeds and aborted ovules (30-)36-60(-72) per fruit. |
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(4) |
| + |
Seeds and aborted ovules 10-24(-28) per fruit. |
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(5) |
| |
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| 4 (3) |
Fruit linear, (6-)9-20(-25) mm; petals 3-4 mm |
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44 D. stenocarpa |
| + |
Fruit oblong or elliptic, (3-)5-8(-10) mm; petals (1.2-)1.7-2.2(-2.5) mm |
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45 D. nemorosa |
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| 5 (3) |
Fruit ovate, glabrous, acute at apex; cauline leaves (5-)10-24(-30) |
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47 D. eriopoda |
| + |
Fruit oblong, oblong-elliptic, or rarely suborbicular, puberulent, obtuse at apex; cauline leaves 3-12. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Petals yellow, (1.2-)1.7-2.2(-2.5) mm; valves with stellate and forked trichomes; racemes (5-)12-40(-60)-flowered |
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46 D. huetii |
| + |
Petals white, 0.6-1 mm; valves with exclusively simple trichomes; racemes (2-)4-10(-15)-flowered |
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48 D. ellipsoidea |
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| 7 (1) |
Flowering stems leafless. |
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(8) |
| + |
Flowering stems 1- to many leaved. |
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(26) |
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| 8 (7) |
Petals white. |
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(9) |
| + |
Petals yellow. |
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(14) |
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| 9 (8) |
Stems distal half and fruiting pedicels glabrous or rarely glabrescent. |
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(10) |
| + |
Stems and fruiting pedicels tomentose throughout. |
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(11) |
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| 10 (9) |
Petals 2.5-3(-3.5) × 1-1.5 mm; fruit base obtuse; fruiting pedicels (1-)2-5(-7) mm; Xinjiang |
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15 D. turczaninowii |
| + |
Petals (3.5-)4-6 × 2-3 mm; fruit base acute; fruiting pedicels 4-13 mm; Jilin |
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14 D. ussuriensis |
| |
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| 11 (9) |
Petals 4-7 × 1.5-4.5 mm; fruit often twisted, (3-)5-12 mm; style (0.5-)0.7-1.5 mm. |
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(12) |
| + |
Petals 1.5-2.5(-3) × 0.6-1.2 mm; fruit not twisted, 2.5-5 mm; style 0.1-0.4 mm. |
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(13) |
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| 12 (11) |
Rachis of infructescence often flexuous; fruit apex acute; petals 1.5-2.5 mm wide; stellate trichomes sessile or subsessile, with some rayed branched |
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11 D. winterbottomii |
| + |
Rachis of infructescence straight; fruit apex obtuse; petals 2.5-4.5 mm wide; stellate trichomes long-stalked, with unbranched rays |
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13 D. sikkimensis |
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| 13 (11) |
Sepals sparsely hairy inside; fruit oblong, 1-1.5 mm wide, apex obtuse; petals 1.5-2 mm |
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12 D. handelii |
| + |
Sepals glabrous inside; fruit narrowly ovate or oblong-ovate, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, apex acute; petals 1.8-2.5(-3) mm |
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10 D. glomerata |
| |
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| 14 (8) |
Leaf margin with exclusively malpighiaceous trichomes; seeds and aborted ovules 24-30 per fruit |
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40 D. sibirica |
| + |
Leaves without malpighiaceous trichomes; seeds and aborted ovules 6-24 per fruit. |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Style (1-)1.5-3.5; sepals 3-4.5 mm |
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32 D. jucunda |
| + |
Style to 1 mm, if to 1.5 mm then fruits linear to linear-oblong; sepals rarely to 3 mm. |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Leaf margin ciliate with setose or subsetose trichomes to 1.4 mm. |
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(17) |
| + |
Leaf margin not ciliate or ciliate with nonsetose, shorter trichomes. |
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(20) |
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| 17 (16) |
Leaves linear or linear oblong; petals 3-4 × 1-2 mm. |
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(18) |
| + |
Leaves variously shaped but not linear or linear-oblong; petals 4-7 × 2-3.5 mm. |
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(19) |
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| 18 (17) |
Fruit ovoid to subglobose, inflated, 2.5-4.5 mm; ovules 4-8 per ovary |
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35 D. cachemirica |
| + |
Fruit elliptic-ovate, rarely oblong-lanceolate, flattened, 6-10 mm; ovules 12-16 per ovary |
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34 D. setosa |
| |
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| 19 (17) |
Fruiting pedicels pubescent all around; valves glabrous, base obtuse; racemes 3-7(-12)-flowered; plants surculose |
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33 D. senilis |
| + |
Fruiting pedicels glabrous; valves puberulent, base acute; racemes (6-)10-25(-35)-flowered; plants not surculose |
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38 D. olgae |
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| 20 (16) |
Fruit inflated at least basally. |
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(21) |
| + |
Fruit flattened. |
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(23) |
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| 21 (20) |
Fruiting pedicels tomentose all around; ovules 16-24 per ovary; fruit apex obtuse |
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39 D. humillima |
| + |
Fruiting pedicels glabrous at least adaxially; ovules 4-12 per ovary; fruit apex acute to acuminate. |
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(22) |
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| 22 (21) |
Leaves abaxially tomentose with predominantly stellate trichomes; fruit inflated throughout, 2-4 mm, basally semicordate |
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36 D. korshinskyi |
| + |
Leaves abaxially pubescent with predominantly simple trichomes; fruit inflated only basally, (3-)4-9(-12) mm, basally not semicordate |
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30 D. oreades |
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| 23 (20) |
Fruit oblong, oblong-linear, or linear-lanceolate; fruiting pedicels (5-)7-18(-22) mm; leaf stellate trichomes 4-6-rayed, at least 1 ray laterally branched. |
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(24) |
| + |
Fruit ovate, suborbicular, or elliptic; fruiting pedicels 1-7(-10) mm; leaf stellate trichomes 3- or 4-rayed, all rays unbranched. |
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(25) |
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| 24 (23) |
Fruit valves with predominantly stellate trichomes; style 0.4-0.8 mm; seeds and aborted ovules 18-24 per fruit; petals 3.5-5 mm |
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28 D. tibetica |
| + |
Fruit valves with predominantly simple trichomes; style 0.7-1.5 mm; seeds and aborted ovules 10-16 per fruit; petals 4.5-6 mm |
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29 D. alajica |
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| 25 (23) |
Leaf trichomes predominantly simple, very rarely absent; fruit apex acute to acuminate; fruiting pedicels glabrous at least adaxially |
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30 D. oreades |
| + |
Leaf trichomes predominantly stellate; fruit apex obtuse; fruiting pedicels tomentose all around |
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31 D. involucrata |
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| 26 (7) |
Petals white. |
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(27) |
| + |
Petals yellow. |
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(39) |
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| 27 (26) |
Seeds and aborted ovules 24-60 per fruit. |
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(28) |
| + |
Seeds and aborted ovules 6-20(-22) per fruit. |
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(31) |
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| 28 (27) |
Fruit linear, 1-1.5 mm wide; fruiting pedicels divaricate, not appressed to rachis |
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1 D. ladyginii |
| + |
Fruit oblong-elliptic, oblong, lanceolate, or lanceolate-linear, 1.5-3 mm wide; fruiting pedicels erect to ascending, often subappressed to rachis. |
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(29) |
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| 29 (28) |
Stems and pedicels hirsute with simple trichomes; leaf stellate trichomes with unbranched rays |
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3 D. parviflora |
| + |
Stems and pedicels tomentose with primarily stellate and forked trichomes; leaf stellate trichomes with at least 1 ray laterally branched. |
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(30) |
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| 30 (29) |
Fruit oblong-elliptic to narrowly oblong, 2-3 mm wide; cauline leaves (2 or)3-5(-7) per stem; petals 3.5-7 mm |
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4 D. subamplexicaulis |
| + |
Fruit lanceolate to lanceolate-linear, 1.5-2 mm wide; cauline leaves 6-12(-16) per stem; petals 2.5-3.5 mm |
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2 D. lanceolata |
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| 31 (27) |
Petals broadly obovate, 2.5-4.5 mm wide; sepals 2.5-3 mm; fruit apex obtuse; basal leaves subfloccose with long, slender trichomes |
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13 D. sikkimensis |
| + |
Petals spatulate to narrowly obovate, 1-2(-3) mm wide; sepals 1-2(-2.5) mm; fruit apex acute to acuminate; basal leaves pubescent, pilose, or tomentose with short trichomes. |
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(32) |
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| 32 (31) |
Abaxial surface of basal leaves with predominantly simple trichomes, stellate trichomes with unbranched rays. |
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(33) |
| + |
Abaxial surface of basal leaves with predominantly stellate trichomes 1 to all 4 rays of with laterally branched. |
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(34) |
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| 33 (32) |
Fruiting pedicels 1-4 mm; fruit not twisted; cauline leaves (1 or)2-6(-8); Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan |
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7 D. altaica |
| + |
Fruting pedicels 4-12 mm; fruit slightly twisted; cauline leaves 1-3; Taiwan |
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9 D. sekiyana |
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| 34 (32) |
Stems distal half and fruiting pedicels glabrous or rarely glabrescent. |
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(35) |
| + |
Stems and fruiting pedicels tomentose throughout. |
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(36) |
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| 35 (34) |
Petals 2.5-3(-3.5) × 1-1.5 mm; fruit base obtuse; fruiting pedicels (1-)2-5(-7) mm; Xinjiang |
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15 D. turczaninowii |
| + |
Petals (3.5-)4-6 × 2-3 mm; fruit base acute; fruiting pedicels 4-13 mm; Jilin |
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14 D. ussuriensis |
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| 36 (34) |
Fruit (5-)6-11 mm, narrowly oblong-ellipsoid to lanceolate-linear; seeds and aborted ovules 12-22 per fruit. |
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(37) |
| + |
Fruit 2-4(-5) mm, ovate, elliptic, or rarely oblong-ovate; seeds and aborted ovules 6-12 per fruit. |
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(38) |
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| 37 (36) |
Fruiting pedicel erect to ascending, often subappressed to rachis; cauline leaves 1-4(or 5) per stem; fruit twisted 2 or 3 turns, rarely untwisted; base of cauline leaves often ciliate with simple trichomes |
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5 D. lasiophylla |
| + |
Fruiting pedicel divaricate, not appressed to rachis; cauline leaves 6-14(-17) per stem; fruit twisted 1 turn or untwisted; base of cauline leaves not ciliate with simple trichomes |
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6 D. mongolica |
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| 38 (36) |
Fruiting pedicels divaricate; racemes bracteate at least basally, slightly elongated in fruit |
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8 D. lichiangensis |
| + |
Fruiting pedicels erect to ascending; racemes ebracteate, distal half not elongated in fruit |
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10 D. glomerata |
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| 39 (26) |
Racemes bracteate throughout or only basally. |
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(40) |
| + |
Racemes ebracteate. |
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(49) |
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| 40 (39) |
Racemes 2-10(-12)-flowered; fruiting pedicels glabrous or pubescent throughout, if glabrous adaxially then style 1.5-3 mm. |
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(41) |
| + |
Racemes (12-)15-60(-140)-flowered; fruiting pedicels glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially. |
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(44) |
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| 41 (40) |
Petals 2.5-3.5 × 0.8-1.5 mm; style 0.2-0.5 mm; lowermost fruiting pedicels filiform, to 4 cm, strongly recurved |
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41 D. gracillima |
| + |
Petals 6-8 × 3-6 mm; style longer; lowermost pedicels not filiform, to 1.8 cm, rarely recurved. |
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(42) |
| |
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| 42 (41) |
Racemes bracteate basally; ovary and fruit hirsute; basal leaves ciliate |
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26 D. bhutanica |
| + |
Racemes bracteate throughout; ovary and fruit glabrous or puberulent; basal leaves not ciliate. |
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(43) |
| |
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| 43 (42) |
Style ca. 1 mm; ovules ca. 4 per ovary; racemes 8-12-flowered; pedicels divaricate |
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D. serpens |
| + |
Style 2-3.5 mm; ovules 18-22 per ovary; racemes 2-6-flowered; pedicels recurved |
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25 D. remotiflora |
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| 44 (40) |
Fruit pilose; abaxial leaf surface with primarily simple and forked trichomes; lateral pair of sepals not saccate at base |
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24 D. matangensis |
| + |
Fruit glabrous; abaxial leaf surface with stellate trichomes; lateral pair of sepals subsaccate at base. |
|
(45) |
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|
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| 45 (44) |
Abaxial surface of basal and lowermost cauline leaves with 5-8-rayed stellate trichomes. |
|
(46) |
| + |
Abaxial surface of basal and lowermost cauline leaves with simple, forked, or 3- or 4-rayed stellate trichomes. |
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(47) |
| |
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| 46 (45) |
Cauline leaves auriculate to amplexicaul, acute, dentate or denticulate; stems often branched; plants not canescent |
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18 D. amplexicaulis |
| + |
Cauline leaves not auriculate or amplexicaul, obtuse, entire; stems simple; plants canescent at least basally |
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16 D. yunnanensis |
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|
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| 47 (45) |
Cauline leaves neither auriculate nor amplexicaul; fruit 4-7 mm |
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23 D. oreodoxa |
| + |
Cauline leaves auriculate or amplexicaul; fruit (7-)10-15 mm. |
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(48) |
| |
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| 48 (47) |
Caudex branches surculose; stems few to several from base; seeds and aborted ovules 8-12 per fruit |
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17 D. surculosa |
| + |
Caudex not surculose; stems simple at base; seeds and aborted ovules (12-)16-22(-24) per fruit |
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19 D. polyphylla |
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| 49 (39) |
Midvein of basal leaves prominent, persistent and often spinelike; leaf margin ciliate with setose or subsetose with simple trichomes to 1.5 mm. |
|
(50) |
| + |
Midvein of basal leaves obscure or evident, not persistent and spinelike, leaf margin not ciliate or ciliate with slender, nonsetose trichomes. |
|
(51) |
| |
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|
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| 50 (49) |
Fruit elliptic-ovate, rarely oblong-lanceolate; stems glabrous distally; leaves glabrous adaxially, midvein narrower than blade on each side |
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34 D. setosa |
| + |
Fruit linear-lanceolate; stems pubescent throughout; leaves hirsute adaxially, midvein wider than blade on each side |
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37 D. linearifolia |
| |
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|
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| 51 (49) |
Petals 1-1.5 mm; seeds and aborted ovules 24-38 per fruit; style absent |
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42 D. zangbeiensis |
| + |
Petals 2.5-8 mm; seeds and aborted ovules 4-20(-24); style 0.1-2 mm. |
|
(52) |
| |
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|
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| 52 (51) |
Fruit ovate, suborbicular, or ovate-lanceolate. |
|
(53) |
| + |
Fruit linear, linear-lanceolate, linear-elliptic, to oblong. |
|
(54) |
| |
|
|
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| 53 (52) |
Cauline leaves 3-6(-9); fruiting pedicels 6-13(-17) mm; seeds and aborted ovules 16-20 per fruit; fruit valves pilose, flat |
|
20 D. elata |
| + |
Cauline leaves 1(or 2); fruiting pedicels 1-7(-10) mm; seeds and aborted ovules 4-12 per fruit; fruit valves glabrous or rarely puberulent, inflated basally |
|
30 D. oreades |
| |
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| 54 (52) |
Racemes (20-)30-90-flowered; fruiting pedicels glabrous adaxially, pubescent abaxially |
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21 D. calcicola |
| + |
Racemes 2-18(-20)-flowered; fruiting pedicels either glabrous throughout or pubescent all around. |
|
(55) |
| |
|
|
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| 55 (54) |
Cauline leaves 2-6; fruiting pedicels filiform, lowermost often recurved; abaxial surface of basal leaves with forked or 4-rayed stellate trichomes with unbranched rays. |
|
(56) |
| + |
Cauline leaves 1 or very rarely 2; fruiting pedicels not filiform, suberect to divaricate, straight; abaxial surface of basal leaves with 4-6-rayed stellate trichomes 1 or more rays of which forked or with a lateral branch on each side. |
|
(57) |
| |
|
|
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| 56 (55) |
Petals 6-8 × 3-4 mm; fruit 1.5-2.2 cm; style 1.5-2 mm |
|
27 D. cholaensis |
| + |
Petals 2.5-3.5 × 0.8-1.5 mm; fruit (0.5-)0.7-1.3(-1.8) cm; style 0.2-0.5 mm |
|
41 D. gracillima |
| |
|
|
|
| 57 (55) |
Fruit valves with predominantly stellate trichomes; style 0.4-0.8 mm; seeds and aborted ovules 18-24 per fruit; petals 3.5-5 mm |
|
28 D. tibetica |
| + |
Fruit valves with predominantly simple trichomes; style 0.7-1.5 mm; seeds and aborted ovules 10-16 per fruit; petals 4.5-6 mm |
|
29 D. alajica |
