1	Male inflorescences branched, receptacle absent; bracts alternate, not connate into an involucre.		(2)
+	Male inflorescences simple, receptacle conspicuous or obscure; bracts connate into an involucre, rarely absent.		(12)
2 (1)	Leaf blade without cystoliths.		1 E. brevipedunculatum
+	Leaf blade with cystoliths.		(3)
3 (2)	Shrubs or subshrubs.		(4)
+	Herbs.		(5)
4 (3)	Stems densely hirtellous.		4 E. hirtellum
+	Stems glabrous.		8 E. obtusidentatum
5 (3)	Leaf blade with major lateral veins asymmetric, one inserted above base.		(6)
+	Leaf blade pinnately veined.		(7)
6 (5)	Plants dioecious, glabrous.		2 E. laxicymosum
+	Plants monoecious, stems hirtellous or glabrescent.		3 E. hirtellipedunculatum
7 (5)	Stems winged or sharply longitudinally angled.		10 E. angulosum
+	Stems rounded or bluntly longitudinally angled.		(8)
8 (7)	Leaf blade margin denticulate, denticulations ca. 0.5 mm.		6 E. microdontum
+	Leaf blade margin crenate, serrate, or dentate, if denticulate then denticulations more than 1 mm long.		(9)
9 (8)	Male inflorescences sessile.		5 E. polystachyoides
+	Male inflorescences pedunculate.		(10)
10 (9)	Leaf blade margin densely serrate; male inflorescences 4-6 mm in diam.		9 E. prunifolium
+	Leaf blade margin dentate or denticulate; male inflorescences 5-15 mm in diam.		(11)
11 (10)	Female inflorescences ca. 2 mm in diam., sessile.		7 E. subtrichotomum
+	Female inflorescences 3-9 mm in diam., pedunculate.		11 E. oblongifolium
12 (1)	Leaf blade margin entire or undulate.		(13)
+	Leaf blade margin crenate, denticulate, dentate, or serrate.		(19)
13 (12)	Plants with nanophylls.		47 E. salvinioides
+	Plants without nanophyll.		(14)
14 (13)	Leaf blade pinnately veined.		141 E. alnifolium
+	Leaf blade with major lateral veins either both basal or asymmetric, one inserted above base.		(15)
15 (14)	Stems simple.		(16)
+	Stems branched.		(17)
16 (15)	Leaf blade oblanceolate, with major lateral veins asymmetric, one inserted above base.		46 E. attenuatum
+	Leaf blade obliquely elliptic, with both major lateral veins inserted at base.		132 E. petelotii
17 (15)	Stipules narrowly lanceolate, 6-10 × 1.5-2 mm.		23 E. integrifolium
+	Stipules subulate or narrowly triangular, 0.6-6 × 0.2-0.5 mm.		(18)
18 (17)	Leaf blade 1.1-3 × 0.4-0.9 cm.		32 E. glochidioides
+	Leaf blade 6.5-16.5 × 2-4.5 cm.		92 E. litseifolium
19 (12)	Young male receptacles pyriform, bursting open at anthesis.		(20)
+	Male receptacles discoid or very small and obscure.		(21)
20 (19)	Stipules linear or lanceolate-linear, 7-10 × 2-3 mm.		145 E. ficoides
+	Stipules subulate, 1.5-2.5 × 0.1-0.2 mm.		146 E. brachyodontum
21 (19)	Subshrubs.		(22)
+	Herbs.		(40)
22 (21)	Stems simple.		62 E. crenatum
+	Stems branched.		(23)
23 (22)	Leaf blade pinnately veined.		25 E. tenuicaudatoides
+	Leaf blade with both major lateral veins inserted at base, with major lateral veins either both inserted above base or asymmetric, one inserted at base, the other above.		(24)
24 (23)	Leaf blade base auriculate on broader outer half.		(25)
+	Leaf blade base cuneate, obtuse or rounded on broader outer half.		(27)
25 (24)	Stems furfuraceous.		58 E. baiseense
+	Stems not furfuraceous.		(26)
26 (25)	Leaf blade 14-25 × 6-10 cm.		104 E. platyphyllum
+	Leaf blade 9-12.5 × 2.5-3.5 cm.		112 E. luxiense
27 (24)	Leaf blade without cystoliths, rarely with cystoliths only along nerves.		(28)
+	Leaf blade with dense cystoliths.		(32)
28 (27)	Stipules subulate, 0.1-0.3 mm wide.		(29)
+	Stipules narrowly triangular or lanceolate, 0.8-1.2 mm wide.		(30)
29 (28)	Leaf blade cuspidate or acuminate at apex, with major lateral veins either both inserted at base or asymmetric, one inserted at base, the other above.		13 E. acuminatum
+	Leaf blade caudate or caudate-acuminate at apex, with both major lateral veins inserted at base.		15 E. beibengense
30 (28)	Male receptacle absent or very small.		12 E. laevissimum
+	Male receptacle 2-3.5 mm in diam.		(31)
31 (30)	Stems glabrous.		14 E. paracuminatum
+	Stems puberulent.		17 E. lihengianum
32 (27)	Female inflorescences 5-9-clustered.		100 E. macintyrei
+	Female inflorescences solitary or paired.		(33)
33 (32)	Stems pubescent or strigose.		(34)
+	Stems glabrous.		(37)
34 (33)	Leaf blade with both major lateral veins inserted symmetrically at or above base.		(35)
+	Leaf blade with major lateral veins asymmetric, one inserted above base.		(36)
35 (34)	Plants monoecious; stems pubescent; leaf blade herbaceous.		16 E. tenuicaudatum
+	Plants dioecious; stems densely strigose; leaf blade papery.		78 E. pergameneum
36 (34)	Stems densely strigose; leaf blade herbaceous or papery; male inflorescences sessile.		20 E. lineolatum
+	Stems pubescent; leaf blade papery; male inflorescences pedunculate.		24 E. biglomeratum
37 (33)	Leaf blade with both major lateral veins inserted symmetrically at or above base.		(38)
+	Leaf blade with major lateral veins asymmetric, one inserted above base.		(39)
38 (37)	Stipules subulate, 2-5 × 0.1-0.3 mm.		16 E. tenuicaudatum
+	Stipules linear-lanceolate, 8-10 × 1-1.2 mm.		18 E. recticaudatum
39 (37)	Leaf blade ovate, oblong, rhombic, or lanceolate, 1.3-2.5 cm wide.		19 E. oreocnidioides
+	Leaf blade obliquely elliptic, up to 5.5 cm wide.		22 E. boehmerioides
40 (21)	Plants with nanophylls.		(41)
+	Plants without nanophyll.		(49)
41 (40)	Stems glabrous or pilose.		(42)
+	Stems pubescent or strigose.		(44)
42 (41)	Stems furfuraceous.		29 E. monandrum
+	Stems not furfuraceous.		(43)
43 (42)	Male inflorescences 5-6 mm in diam.; peduncle 2-4 mm.		28 E. sinense
+	Male inflorescences ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; peduncle 5-6 cm.		108 E. napoense
44 (41)	Female inflorescences 1.1-1.7 × 0.9-1.2 cm.		107 E. tetratepalum
+	Female inflorescences 2-6 mm in diam.		(45)
45 (44)	Male inflorescences 1.1-2.6 × 1-1.5 cm; peduncle 2-5.5 cm.		106 E. papillosum
+	Male inflorescences 2-8 mm in diam., peduncle 0-2.5 mm .		(46)
46 (45)	Leaf blade with both major lateral veins inserted at base.		(47)
+	Leaf blade with major lateral veins asymmetric, one inserted above base.		(48)
47 (46)	Plants 5-45 cm tall; leaf blade margin serrate with 7-20 teeth.		26 E. parvum
+	Plants 2.5-5 cm tall; leaf blade margin dentate with 2-5 teeth.		27 E. cuneatum
48 (46)	Male inflorescences sessile.		26 E. parvum
+	Male inflorescences pedunculate.		28 E. sinense
49 (40)	Male receptacle very small, obscure, not discoid.		(50)
+	Male receptacle discoid or pyriform.		(96)
50 (49)	Female inflorescences with 1-20 flowers; receptacle obscure.		(51)
+	Female inflorescences with 30 flowers or more; receptacle conspicuous.		(52)
51 (50)	Female inflorescences with 10-20 flowers.		75 E. medogense
+	Female inflorescences with 1(or 2) flower(s).		76 E. obtusum
52 (50)	Leaf blade with major lateral veins either both inserted at base or asymmetric, one inserted at base, the other above.		(53)
+	Leaf blade pinnately veined.		(83)
53 (52)	Stems glabrous.		(54)
+	Stems pubescent, puberulent, pilose, villous, or strigose.		(69)
54 (53)	Leaf blade leathery, 1.2-2.4 × 0.8-1.1 cm.		43 E. coriaceifolium
+	Leaf blade membranous, herbaceous, or papery.		(55)
55 (54)	Male bracts 6, unequal, larger two 1.2-1.5 cm, smaller four 5-7 mm.		44 E. ichangense
+	Male bracts same or unequal, 1.5-7 mm.		(56)
56 (55)	Stipules 1.5-3.5 mm wide.		(57)
+	Stipules 0.1-1 mm wide.		(59)
57 (56)	Male peduncle 0-0.5 mm.		30 E. pycnodontum
+	Male peduncle 0.3-6 cm.		(58)
58 (57)	Male peduncle 0.8-1.2 mm in diam.		49 E. nasutum
+	Male peduncle 0.1-0.4 mm in diam.		50 E. filipes
59 (56)	Stems furfuraceous.		(60)
+	Stems not furfuraceous.		(61)
60 (59)	Leaf blade obliquely ovate.		31 E. myrtillus
+	Leaf blade obliquely linear-oblanceolate.		34 E. imbricans
61 (59)	Leaf blade with major lateral veins asymmetric, one inserted above base.		(62)
+	Leaf blade with both major lateral veins inserted at base.		(63)
62 (61)	Female inflorescences sessile.		38 E. asterocephalum
+	Female inflorescences pedunculate.		48 E. trichocarpum
63 (61)	Male inflorescences sessile or subsessile.		(64)
+	Male inflorescences pedunculate.		(65)
64 (63)	Leaf blade obliquely elliptic or oblong.		33 E. shanglinense
+	Leaf blade falcate.		35 E. hookerianum
65 (63)	Stems branched.		(66)
+	Stems simple.		(67)
66 (65)	Leaf blade strigose on abaxial surface, with cystoliths only near margins.		36 E. microcephalanthum
+	Leaf blade glabrous, with dense cystoliths on both surfaces.		57 E. pseudodissectum
67 (65)	Plants dioecious.		52 E. gueilinense
+	Plants monoecious.		(68)
68 (67)	Leaf blade margin dentate; female inflorescences 3-4 mm in diam.; receptacle 2-3 mm in diam.		51 E. yaoshanense
+	Leaf blade margin serrulate; female inflorescences 1-2 mm in diam.; receptacle obscure.		53 E. rhombiforme
69 (53)	Leaf blade leathery.		42 E. crassiusculum
+	Leaf blade herbaceous or papery.		(70)
70 (69)	Stipules 1.5-5.2 mm wide.		(71)
+	Stipules 0.1-1 mm wide.		(75)
71 (70)	Leaf blade with both major lateral veins inserted at base.		(72)
+	Leaf blade with major lateral veins asymmetric, one inserted above base.		(73)
72 (71)	Plants dioecious. Leaves petiolate.		49 E. nasutum
+	Plants monoecious. Leaves sessile.		59 E. lasiocephalum
73 (71)	Plants monoecious.		60 E. aliferum
+	Plants dioecious.		(74)
74 (73)	Stipules 3-5 mm; male peduncle 0-1 mm.		45 E. grandidentatum
+	Stipules 1.5-2 cm; male peduncle 5-10 mm.		61 E. brunneinerve
75 (70)	Stems 3- or 4-branched.		21 E. ramosum
+	Stems simple or 1-branched.		(76)
76 (75)	Stems furfuraceous.		(77)
+	Stems not furfuraceous.		(78)
77 (76)	Leaf blade obliquely oblanceolate or narrowly obovate, 2.5-6.5 × 1-2 cm.		39 E. liboense
+	Leaf blade obliquely elliptic, ca. 13 × 4.5 cm.		56 E. minutifurfuraceum
78 (76)	Female peduncle 2-35 mm.		48 E. trichocarpum
+	Female peduncle 0-1.5 mm.		(79)
79 (78)	Stipules strigillose or hirtellous.		(80)
+	Stipules glabrous.		(81)
80 (79)	Stems simple, pubescent.		40 E. xichouense
+	Stems branched, densely strigillose.		41 E. strigillosum
81 (79)	Male inflorescences sessile.		37 E. longibracteatum
+	Male inflorescences pedunculate.		(82)
82 (81)	Leaf blade base auriculate on broader outer half.		54 E. strigulosum
+	Leaf blade base obtuse on broader outer half.		55 E. gungshanense
83 (52)	Female plants with bulbils.		63 E. stewardii
+	Plants without bulbil.		(84)
84 (83)	Stems glabrous.		(85)
+	Stems pubescent, puberulent, villous, or strigose.		(90)
85 (84)	Stipules subulate, 1-1.5 × 0.1-0.2 mm.		70 E. youyangense
+	Stipules linear or triangular, 3-7 × 1.5-2 mm.		(86)
86 (85)	Stipules without cystolith.		(87)
+	Stipules with cystoliths.		(88)
87 (86)	Leaves sessile; leaf blade herbaceous.		64 E. bracteosum
+	Petiole 2-10 mm; leaf blade papery or nearly leathery.		65 E. subcoriaceum
88 (86)	Leaf blade 2.5-5 × 1.2-2 cm, obtuse at apex.		74 E. obscurinerve
+	Leaf blade 4.5-19 × 2-6 cm, cuspidate, acuminate, or caudate at apex.		(89)
89 (88)	Male inflorescences with peduncle (4-)7-20(-32) mm.		66 E. involucratum
+	Male inflorescences sessile or subsessile.		67 E. acuteserratum
90 (84)	Stipules subulate, 0.1-0.2 mm wide.		(91)
+	Stipules lanceolate, linear, or triangular, 1.5-2 mm wide.		(92)
91 (90)	Stems puberulent; leaf blade 3.5-5 cm.		69 E. mabienense
+	Stems strigose; leaf blade 6-8.5 cm.		73 E. calciferum
92 (90)	Stems branched.		(93)
+	Stems simple.		(94)
93 (92)	Stems glabrous or sparsely puberulent; leaf blade 4.5-16(-19) × 2-4.5(-6) cm.		66 E. involucratum
+	Stems densely villous; leaf blade 2-5.5 × 0.7-2.2 cm.		71 E. villosum
94 (92)	Stipules without cystolith.		68 E. tenuicornutum
+	Stipules with cystoliths.		(95)
95 (94)	Leaf blade obliquely oblanceolate-oblong or oblong, 4.5-19 × 2-6 cm; male bracts glabrous.		66 E. involucratum
+	Leaf blade obliquely oblanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 6-10.5 × 1.2-2.8 cm; male bracts villous.		72 E. sublineare
96 (49)	Leaf blade pinnately veined.		(97)
+	Leaf blade with both major lateral veins inserted at base, with major lateral veins either both inserted above base or asymmetric, one inserted at base, the other above.		(109)
97 (96)	Stems pubescent, pilose, or strigose.		(98)
+	Stems glabrous.		(102)
98 (97)	Stems branched.		(99)
+	Stems simple.		(100)
99 (98)	Male inflorescences without bracts.		138 E. tenuifolium
+	Male inflorescences with bracts.		144 E. albopilosum
100 (98)	Leaf blade brown-black after drying.		139 E. nanchuanense
+	Leaf blade green after drying.		(101)
101 (100)	Leaf blade 1.5-5.5 × 0.5-2 cm.		117 E. hypoglaucum
+	Leaf blade 10-27 × 3.5-7.5 cm.		140 E. pseudoficoides
102 (97)	Plants monoecious.		(103)
+	Plants dioecious.		(105)
103 (102)	Stems simple.		140 E. pseudoficoides
+	Stems branched.		(104)
104 (103)	Male peduncle 1-3 mm; female inflorescences 5-9 mm in diam.		136 E. pseudobrachyodontum
+	Male peduncle 1.4-1.8 cm; female inflorescences 2-3.5 mm in diam.		142 E. wenxienense
105 (102)	Leaf blade papery; stipules subulate, 0.1-0.2 mm wide; female receptacle 2-3-lobed.		134 E. schizocephalum
+	Leaf blade herbaceous or papery; stipules narrowly linear or triangular, 0.8-3 mm wide; female receptacle not lobed.		(106)
106 (105)	Stems simple.		(107)
+	Stems branched.		(108)
107 (106)	Leaf blade herbaceous, puberulent on abaxial surface; cystoliths obscure.		133 E. acutitepalum
+	Leaf blade papery, glabrous; cystoliths conspicuous.		135 E. xanthophyllum
108 (106)	Leaf blade 17-23 × 4.5-7.5 cm; male peduncle 1-1.5 cm.		137 E. atropurpureum
+	Leaf blade 7-11 × 2-4 cm; male peduncle 9-10 cm.		143 E. subpenninerve
109 (96)	Stems furfuraceous.		(110)
+	Stems not furfuraceous.		(116)
110 (109)	Stipules 0.1-1 mm wide.		(111)
+	Stipules 1.5-6 mm wide.		(112)
111 (110)	Male peduncle ca. 2 mm.		89 E. yui
+	Male peduncle 1.5-8 cm.		127 E. dissectum
112 (110)	Leaf blade with both major lateral veins inserted at base.		(113)
+	Leaf blade with major lateral veins asymmetric, one inserted above base.		(114)
113 (112)	Female peduncle 0.5-1 mm.		82 E. pachyceras
+	Female peduncle 1.2-1.6 cm.		131 E. ferrugineum
114 (112)	Male bracts conspicuous, ovate or triangular.		83 E. cuspidatum
+	Male bracts obscure.		(115)
115 (114)	Male inflorescences 4-8 mm in diam.; receptacle 2.5-5.5 mm in diam.		88 E. yangbiense
+	Male inflorescences 7-15 mm in diam.; receptacle 7-14 mm in diam.		90 E. platyceras
116 (109)	Leaf blade lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, papery.		96 E. longistipulum
+	Leaf blade obliquely elliptic, oblong, ovate, or obovate.		(117)
117 (116)	Leaf blade margin crenulate or crenate.		(118)
+	Leaf blade margin dentate, denticulate, or serrate.		(122)
118 (117)	Leaf blade with major lateral veins asymmetric, one inserted above base.		(119)
+	Leaf blade with both major lateral veins inserted at base.		(120)
119 (118)	Plants dioecious; stems densely strigose.		103 E. wangii
+	Plants monoecious; stems crispately pubescent.		130 E. crispulum
120 (118)	Stems simple.		80 E. setulosum
+	Stems branched.		(121)
121 (120)	Male peduncle 6-8 mm.		79 E. breviacuminatum
+	Male peduncle 2-7 cm.		129 E. manhaoense
122 (117)	Stipules 0.1-1 mm wide.		(123)
+	Stipules 1.5-8 mm wide.		(132)
123 (122)	Stems pilose, puberulent, pubescent, or strigose.		(124)
+	Stems glabrous.		(126)
124 (123)	Male inflorescences 2-2.8 cm in diam.		94 E. atroviride
+	Male inflorescences 6-13 mm in diam.		(125)
125 (124)	Plants dioecious; male peduncle ca. 6 mm.		77 E. cyrtandrifolium
+	Plants monoecious; male peduncle up to 4 cm.		117 E. hypoglaucum
126 (123)	Plants monoecious.		(127)
+	Plants dioecious.		(129)
127 (126)	Stems branched.		125 E. hekouense
+	Stems simple.		(128)
128 (127)	Leaf blade sparsely strigillose on adaxial surface.		121 E. leucocephalum
+	Leaf blade glabrous.		124 E. longipes
129 (126)	Leaf blade glabrous.		91 E. lungzhouense
+	Leaf blade sparsely strigillose on adaxial surface.		(130)
130 (129)	Male peduncle 1.4-4.2 cm.		128 E. dissectoides
+	Male peduncle 1.8-6 mm .		(131)
131 (130)	Male inflorescences solitary.		77 E. cyrtandrifolium
+	Male inflorescences paired.		87 E. tenuireceptaculum
132 (122)	Stems glabrous.		(133)
+	Stems pubescent, puberulent, hirtellous, hirsute, villosulous, or strigose.		(145)
133 (132)	Leaf blade with both major lateral veins inserted symmetrically at or above base.		(134)
+	Leaf blade with major lateral veins asymmetric, one inserted above base.		(138)
134 (133)	Leaf blade base rounded or cuneate on broader outer half.		(135)
+	Leaf blade base auriculate or cordate on broader outer half.		(136)
135 (134)	Male peduncle 0.1-0.2 cm.		97 E. balansae
+	Male peduncle 1.3-2.5 cm.		126 E. procridioides
136 (134)	Female inflorescences paired.		105 E. auriculatum
+	Female inflorescences solitary.		(137)
137 (136)	Stems simple; female inflorescence ca. 3 mm in diam.		81 E. pseudocuspidatum
+	Stems branched; female inflorescence ca. 12 × 8 mm.		98 E. multicanaliculatum
138 (133)	Male peduncle 0.5-10 mm.		(139)
+	Male peduncle 1.8-12 cm.		(143)
139 (138)	Leaf blade base auriculate on broader outer half.		86 E. yungshunense
+	Leaf blade base cuneate or rounded on broader outer half.		(140)
140 (139)	Plants monoecious.		85 E. angustitepalum
+	Plants dioecious.		(141)
141 (140)	Leaves petiolate, petiole 1.5-12 mm.		99 E. megacephalum
+	Leaves sessile or subsessile.		(142)
142 (141)	Leaf blade glabrous on adaxial surface; stipules 18-20 mm.		93 E. didymocephalum
+	Leaf blade sparsely strigillose on adaxial surface; stipules 5-14 mm.		97 E. balansae
143 (138)	Leaf blade 10-13.5 × 4.5-5.5 cm; petiole 5-11 mm.		111 E. laxisericeum
+	Leaf blade 4-8 × 1.5-3 cm; petiole 0-2 mm.		(144)
144 (143)	Stems branched; male peduncle 3.2 -7.5 cm.		122 E. omeiense
+	Stems simple; male peduncle 9-12 cm.		123 E. jinpingense
145 (132)	Leaf blade base rounded, obtuse, or cuneate on broader outer half.		(146)
+	Leaf blade base auriculate, cordate, or subcordate on broader outer half.		(152)
146 (145)	Stems densely strigose.		101 E. rupestre
+	Stems pubescent or puberulent.		(147)
147 (146)	Male peduncle 0.1-0.2 cm.		97 E. balansae
+	Male peduncle 1-12.5 cm.		(148)
148 (147)	Peduncle as long as staminate inflorescences.		110 E. cuneiforme
+	Peduncle 2-10 × as long as staminate inflorescences.		(149)
149 (148)	Plants monoecious.		116 E. dulongense
+	Plants dioecious.		(150)
150 (149)	Peduncle glabrous.		119 E. microtrichum
+	Peduncle puberulent.		(151)
151 (150)	Male inflorescences 5-7 mm in diam.; peduncle 1 -1.3 cm.		114 E. tianlinense
+	Male inflorescences 7-13 mm in diam.; peduncle 8 -12.5 cm.		118 E. stigmatosum
152 (145)	Plants monoecious.		113 E. pubipes
+	Plants dioecious.		(153)
153 (152)	Leaf blade with both major lateral veins inserted at base.		(154)
+	Leaf blade with major lateral veins asymmetric, one inserted above base.		(157)
154 (153)	Leaf blade obliquely oblong-obovate.		105 E. auriculatum
+	Leaf blade obliquely elliptic.		(155)
155 (154)	Stems puberulent.		109 E. subcuspidatum
+	Stems densely strigose.		(156)
156 (155)	Leaf blade 3-7.5 × 1.5-4 cm.		95 E. retrohirtum
+	Leaf blade 10-22.5 × 4.5-11 cm.		102 E. eriocephalum
157 (153)	Stems densely strigose; stipules strigose on abaxial surface.		103 E. wangii
+	Stems hirsute, hirtellous, puberulent, or villosulous; stipules glabrous, ciliate, or hirsute.		(158)
158 (157)	Plants up to 80 cm tall; stipules 13-17.5 × 2-5 mm.		120 E. rivulare
+	Plants 14-40 cm tall; stipules 4-8 × 1.6-2.2 mm.		(159)
159 (158)	Male peduncle 1-1.5 mm.		84 E. menglunense
+	Male peduncle ca. 4.5 cm.		115 E. goniocephalum