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5. Goodyera R. Brown in W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2. 5: 197. 1813.
斑叶兰属 ban ye lan shu
Authors: Xinqi Chen, Kai-yung Lang, Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. Cribb & Paul Ormerod
Epipactis Séguier (1754), not Zinn (1757, nom. cons.); Haemaria Lindley.
Herbs, terrestrial, or rarely epiphytic or lithophytic. Rhizome elongate, creeping, few to many noded, with fibrous roots at nodes. Stem erect or ascending, short or elongate, few to many leaved. Leaves widely spaced along stem, clustered, or rosulate, pale to dark green or blackish, adaxially sometimes with a white or pink midvein or white or pink reticulate venation, lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, usually oblique, slightly fleshy, base contracted into a sheathing petiole-like stalk. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, glabrous or pubescent; peduncle with a few sheathing bracts; rachis laxly or densely 1- to many flowered, secund or cylindric; floral bracts glabrous or pubescent. Flowers resupinate. Sepals free, subsimilar, outer surface glabrous or pubescent; dorsal sepal concave, connivent with petals and forming a hood over column; lateral sepals connivent with lip, widely spreading or reflexed. Petals membranous, glabrous; lip connate with column at base, cymbiform, composed of a concave-saccate hypochile and a sessile or rarely shortly clawed epichile; hypochile usually papillose inside or rarely glabrous, sometimes with a pair of low keels; epichile transversely elliptic to lanceolate. Column short, dilated toward apex, without appendages; anther erect; pollinia 2, each longitudinally 2-parted, granular-farinaceous, sectile, attached directly to a small, ovate viscidium or attenuate into stalks that attach to an oblong viscidium; rostellum erect, deltoid, remnant shallowly or deeply bifid; stigma lobes connate, positioned below rostellum. Capsule erect, ovoid to ellipsoid.
About 100 species: S Africa, Asia, NE Australia, Europe, Madagascar, North America including Mexico, SW Pacific islands; 29 species (12 endemic) in China.
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| 1 |
Leaves rosulate or subrosulate at base of stem |
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(2) |
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Leaves spaced along stem or clustered toward apex of stem |
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(8) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaves uniformly green, without white or pale green venation or markings |
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(3) |
| + |
Leaves green with white or pale green venation and/or irregular markings on adaxial surface |
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(5) |
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| 3 (2) |
Lip epichile minutely papillose. |
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1 G. yunnanensis |
| + |
Lip epichile glabrous |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Dorsal sepal ca. 2.5 mm. |
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2 G. brachystegia |
| + |
Dorsal sepal 4-7 mm. |
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3 G. fusca |
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| 5 (2) |
Dorsal sepal 7-10 mm. |
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4 G. schlechtendaliana |
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Dorsal sepal 3-4 mm |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Stem less than ca. 1 cm; leaves ovate or ovate-orbicular, 1.3-2.5 cm wide; petiole-like leaf base and tubular sheath very short, ca. 0.5 cm. |
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5 G. bomiensis |
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Stem 1-4 cm; leaves ovate to ovate-elliptic or oblong, 0.5-1.5 cm wide; petiole-like leaf base and tubular sheath 1-2 cm |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Sepals sparsely pubescent on outer surface; lip hypochile papillose inside. |
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6 G. repens |
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Sepals glabrous; lip hypochile glabrous, containing 2 parallel lamellae toward base. |
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7 G. arisanensis |
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| 8 (1) |
Leaves with white or pale green venation and/or irregular markings on adaxial surface |
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(9) |
| + |
Leaves without white or pale green venation or markings |
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(19) |
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| 9 (8) |
Floral rachis ca. 0.5 cm, 2- or rarely 3-flowered; dorsal sepal 20-25 mm. |
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20 G. biflora |
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Floral rachis 3-11 cm, 6- or more flowered; dorsal sepal 3-14 mm |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Dorsal sepal 3-6 mm |
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(11) |
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Dorsal sepal 7-14 mm |
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(14) |
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| 11 (10) |
Apical margin of lip epichile and petals irregularly denticulate. |
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29 G. yangmeishanensis |
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Margins of lip and petals entire |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Leaves less than 1 cm wide; lip hypochile with 2 lamellae inside. |
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28 G. wuana |
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Leaves 1.3-4 cm wide; lip hypochile lacking lamellae |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Leaves with a white band along midvein adaxially; lip hypochile glabrous. |
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26 G. nankoensis |
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Leaves with fine white reticulate venation adaxially; lip hypochile papillose inside. |
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27 G. hachijoensis |
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| 14 (10) |
Lip epichile with 2 longitudinal lamellae |
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(15) |
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Lip epichile not ornamented |
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(17) |
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| 15 (14) |
Peduncle glabrous. |
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23 G. vittata |
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Peduncle pubescent |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Leaves clustered toward apex of stem; apices of sepals and petals acute. |
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24 G. kwangtungensis |
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Leaves spaced along stem; apices of sepals and petals acuminate. |
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25 G. dongchenii |
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| 17 (14) |
Leaves deep green or occasionally dark purplish green, with a white band along midvein, lacking white reticulate venation or irregular markings; peduncle deep reddish brown. |
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22 G. velutina |
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Leaves green with a white or pale green midvein and/or irregular white markings; peduncle pale grayish green |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Leaves 4.5-9 × 2-4 cm; dorsal sepal ca. 14 mm. |
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21 G. daibuzanensis |
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Leaves 2.5-5 × 0.8-2.2 cm; dorsal sepal 7-10 mm. |
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4 G. schlechtendaliana |
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| 19 (8) |
Plants 25-90 cm tall |
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(20) |
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Plants 8-28 cm tall |
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(22) |
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| 20 (19) |
Peduncle green; flowers small, opening weakly, white tinged pale green; dorsal sepal 3-3.5 mm. |
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16 G. procera |
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Peduncle reddish brown or dark greenish brown; flowers medium-sized, opening widely, yellowish brown; dorsal sepal 6-8.5 mm |
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(21) |
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| 21 (20) |
Leaves 15-20 cm; petiole-like leaf base and tubular sheath 5-10 cm; floral rachis 10-30 cm, laxly to subdensely flowered. |
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14 G. fumata |
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Leaves 9-15 cm; petiole-like leaf base and tubular sheath 2-5.5 cm; floral rachis 4-15 cm, densely flowered. |
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15 G. rubicunda |
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| 22 (19) |
Flowers large, opening widely; lip 12-14 mm |
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(23) |
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Flowers small or medium-sized, opening weakly; lip 2.8-10 mm |
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(24) |
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| 23 (22) |
Leaves slightly fleshy; peduncle pale green, 8-13 cm; rachis 1-3-flowered; lip white to pale green, epichile strongly recurved. |
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12 G. seikoomontana |
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Leaves thinly textured; peduncle pale red-brown, 5-9 cm; rachis (2 or)3-5-flowered; lip greenish brown tinged white at apex, epichile recurved or spreading forward. |
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13 G. viridiflora |
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| 24 (22) |
Plants always epiphytic; peduncle strongly recurved |
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(25) |
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Plants terrestrial (G. robusta rarely epiphytic); peduncle not recurved |
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(26) |
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| 25 (24) |
Stem erect; lip 5-6 mm. |
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8 G. recurva |
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Stem pendulous; lip 2.8-3.5 mm. |
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9 G. pendula |
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| 26 (24) |
Lip epichile with 2 longitudinal lamellae or a narrow band of papillae |
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(27) |
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Lip epichile not ornamented |
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(28) |
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| 27 (26) |
Dorsal sepal ca. 3.5 mm; lip epichile with a narrow band of papillae from base to midway along its length. |
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17 G. yamiana |
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Dorsal sepal 7-11 mm; lip epichile with 2 longitudinal lamellae. |
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10 G. robusta |
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| 28 (26) |
Petiole-like leaf base and tubular sheath less than 1 cm; dorsal sepal ca. 3 mm. |
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11 G. wolongensis |
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Petiole-like leaf base and tubular sheath more than 1 cm; dorsal sepal 5-13 mm |
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(29) |
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| 29 (28) |
Stem 9-17 cm; peduncle pubescent, 2.5-5 cm. |
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18 G. foliosa |
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Stem 6-10 cm; peduncle glabrous, ca. 1 cm. |
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19 G. henryi |
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List of lower taxa
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