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FOC | Family List | FOC Vol. 7 | Hernandiaceae

2. Illigera Blume, Bijdr. 1153. 1826.

青藤属 qing teng shu

Gronovia Blanco (1837), not Linnaeus (1753); Henschelia C. Presl.

Lianas, climbing by leaf petioles, evergreen. Leaves alternate, 3-foliolate [rarely 5-foliolate], petiolate; leaflets petiolulate. Panicle composed of axillary cymes, rarely terminal. Flowers 5-merous, bisexual. Perianth segments (tepals) in 2 rows, valvate in bud. Outer tepals (sepals) oblong or narrowly elliptic, rarely ovate-elliptic, 3-5-veined. Inner tepals (petals) similar to outer ones, 1-3-veined. Stamens 5, epigynous; filaments each at base with 2 appendages, inflated, membranous and shortly stipitate or appendages clavate and solid; anthers opening by valves. Stamens alternating with mostly 5 small (interstaminal) glands. Ovule pendulous from apex of locule; style filiform; stigma dilated into an undulate crest. Fruit 2-4-winged; wings brown when dry, broad, striate. Seed solitary, with membranous testa; cotyledons plano-convex.

About 30 species: tropical regions of Africa and Asia; 15 species (seven endemic) in China.


1 Leaflets orbicular (but see also I. aromatica).   1 I. orbiculata
+ Leaflets not orbicular   (2)
       
2 (1) Bases of leaflets cordate or subcordate   (3)
+ Bases of leaflets rounded or cuneate   (6)
       
3 (2) Flowers yellow or reddish yellow   (4)
+ Flowers red or white with red   (5)
       
4 (3) Leaflets abaxially pilose; outer tepals abaxially glabrous, adaxially villous; stamen appendages clavate and solid; ovary densely pubescent.   2 I. cordata
+ Leaflets abaxially glabrous; outer tepals abaxially pellucid-glandular, puberulent; stamen appendages membranous, with open mouth; ovary glabrous.   3 I. nervosa
       
5 (3) Inflorescence rather compact, densely yellow-brown villous; outer tepals 12-14 mm; style hirsute; leaflets adaxially sparsely hispid but yellow-brown strigose on veins, abaxially glabrous or slightly villous, intercostal venation slightly scalariform.   4 I. grandiflora
+ Inflorescence rather lax, densely golden yellow tomentose; outer tepals 8-10 mm; style tomentose; leaflets adaxially golden yellow pubescent, abaxially golden brown tomentose on veins or at vein base only, intercostal venation conspicuously scalariform.   5 I. rhodantha
       
6 (2) Leaflets papery   (7)
+ Leaflets subleathery, leathery, or thickly leathery   (10)
       
7 (6) Both surfaces of leaflets ± pubescent especially on veins, adaxially blackish when dry; flower buds ovoid or ellipsoid.   6 I. luzonensis
+ Leaflets adaxially glabrous or pubescent on veins, not blackish when dry; flower buds globose   (8)
       
8 (7) Inflorescence glabrous, ca. 5 cm; outer tepals pellucid-glandular; filaments straight in bud; staminal appendages nearly inconspicuous.   7 I. glabra
+ Inflorescence pubescent, 10-20 cm; outer tepals not pellucid-glandular; filaments curved around anthers in bud; staminal appendages present   (9)
       
9 (8) Leaflets adaxially not nitid; tepals ca. 5 mm; stamens less than 2 × as long as tepals, filaments ca. 0.5 mm wide at base.   8 I. parviflora
+ Leaflets adaxially nitid; tepals 5-7 mm; stamens more than 2 × as long as tepals, filaments 1.5-2.5 mm wide at base.   9 I. celebica
       
10 (6) Both surfaces of leaflets glabrous   (11)
+ Both surfaces of leaflets not glabrous   (12)
       
11 (10) Fruit wing up to 6 cm wide.   10 I. henryi
+ Fruit wing 4-4.5 cm wide.   11 I. trifoliata
       
12 (10) Leaflets acuminate at apex, adaxially pilose on midvein, abaxially glabrous; stamen appendages ca. 3.5 mm, abaxially with open mouth; ovary glabrous.   12 I. khasiana
+ Leaflets acute to caudate-acuminate at apex, abaxially barbate or villous at axils of veins; stamen appendages ca. 2.5 mm, abaxially with open mouth (navicular) or small and solid; ovary densely pubescent   (13)
       
13 (12) Leaflets suborbicular, 5-11.5 × 4-9.5 cm, abaxially barbate at axils of veins; stamen appendages navicular, ca. 2.5 mm.   13 I. aromatica
+ Leaflets lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate, abaxially villous at axils of veins; stamen appendages small and solid   (14)
       
14 (13) Leaflets lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 6-8 × 2-2.5 cm, thickly papery, base cuneate to broadly cuneate; stamens 4.5-5 mm; style 3-4 mm.   14 I. pseudoparviflora
+ Leaflets narrowly elliptic or narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate, 6-9 × 3-4 cm, subleathery, base rounded; stamens ca. 2 mm; style ca. 1 mm.   15 I. brevistaminata

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