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1. Kadsura Jussieu, Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 16: 340. 1810.
南五味子属 nan wu wei zi shu
Vines, woody, glabrous (except Kadsura induta), dioecious or monoecious. Leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or obovate, papery to leathery, base cuneate (especially when young), broadly cuneate, truncate, or subcordate, margin denticulate to entire, apex acute to acuminate. Flowers unisexual, in axils of leaves or fugacious bracts or occasionally cauliflorous, generally solitary or sometimes in clusters of 2-4. Tepals 7-24. Staminate flowers: stamens 13-80, ± distinct but basally connate or sometimes tightly aggregated into a subglobose mass; pollen 6-colpate, distally syncolpate. Pistillate flowers: carpels 17 to ca. 300, distinct; stigmatic crest forming subulate or laterally flattened "pseudostyle" or modified as subpeltate or irregular "pseudostigma"; ovary with 1-5(-11) pendulous or ventrally attached ovules. Fruit aggregates of apocarps; receptacle ellipsoid or clavate; apocarps ripening red or yellow, subglobose, obovoid, or elongate-obovoid. Seeds 1-5(-11) per apocarp, smooth.
Sixteen species: mainly in E and SE Asia; eight species (four endemic) in China.
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| 1 |
Stamens essentially distinct with filaments only basally connate; staminate flowers generally with staminodes but occasionally staminodes absent; seeds 10-18 × 7-11 mm. |
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1 K. coccinea |
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Stamens tightly aggregated into a compact subglobose head with filaments ± connate but anthers distinct; staminate flowers without staminodes; seeds 2.5-8.5 × 3-8.5 mm |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Young shoots, petioles, and abaxial surface of leaf blades pubescent-tomentose. |
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3 K. induta |
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Entire plant glabrous |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Fruit large, with individual apocarps 7-22 × 6-15 mm; seeds pyriform, discoid, or reniform, 4-8.5 × 4.5-8.5 mm; pistillate flowers with 28-80 carpels |
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(4) |
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Fruit small, with individual apocarps 3.5-11(-15) × 3.5-7(-11) mm; seeds reniform, 2.5-4.5 × 3-6 mm; pistillate flowers with 20-58 carpels |
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(6) |
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| 4 (3) |
Leaf blade broad, 1.6-3.2 × as long as wide; apex of torus in staminate flowers generally lacking stamens and with a short extension; seeds pyriform, discoid, or reniform. |
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2 K. heteroclita |
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Leaf blade narrow, 2.2-5.2 × as long as wide; apex of torus in staminate flowers covered with stamens; seeds discoid |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Leaf blade elliptic, papery to subleathery, with slightly arcuate secondary veins. |
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4 K. angustifolia |
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Leaf blade elliptic to oblong, papery, with strongly arcuate secondary veins. |
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5 K. renchangiana |
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| 6 (3) |
Flower peduncle 1.2-4(-6.4) cm (staminate), (1-)3-5(-16) cm (pistillate); tepals 10-15(-20). |
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6 K. longipedunculata |
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Flower peduncle 0.8-2.6 cm (staminate), 1-4 cm (pistillate); tepals 8-13 |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaf blade 2.5-5(-6.5) cm wide; apocarps 5.5-7.5 mm wide; seeds 4.5-5.5 mm wide. |
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7 K. japonica |
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Leaf blade 2-3 cm wide; apocarps 3.5-4.5 mm wide; seeds 3-4.5 mm wide. |
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8 K. oblongifolia |
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Lower Taxa
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