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27. Linaria Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. 2. 1754.
柳穿鱼属 liu chuan yu shu
Herbs, annual or perennial. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, often sessile; veins 1 or several and campylodromous. Inflorescences spicate, racemose, or rarely capitate. Calyx 5-lobed almost to base. Corolla tube tubular, base spurred; limb 2-lipped; lower lip convex, dilated toward center of upper lip, almost closed at throat, and making corolla personate, 3-lobed, densely glandular hairy; upper lip erect, 2-lobed. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer; anthers anterior and posterior connivent in 2 pairs, locules parallel, divergent after dehiscence. Stigma apex often emarginate. Capsule ovoid or globose, apically dehiscing by irregular pores, valves irregular. Seeds numerous, flattened, often disclike with a broadly winged margin, rarely 3-angled and wingless or reniform and with a thickened margin.
About 100 species: northern temperate zones, mainly in Asia and Europe; ten species in China.
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| 1 |
Leaves opposite or whorled at least basally. |
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(2) |
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Leaves alternate. |
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(3) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaf blade linear; seeds disclike, broadly winged at margin; corolla spur 10-15 mm |
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7 Linaria vulgaris |
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Leaf blade ovate to oblong; seeds reniform, thickened at margin; corolla spur 3-6 mm |
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9 Linaria japonica |
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| 3 (1) |
Corolla spur 2-6 mm; inflorescence axis and pedicels with long glandular hairs. |
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(4) |
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Corolla spur more than 7 mm; inflorescence axis and pedicels glabrous or sparsely with short glandular hairs (densely glandular villous in L. buriatica). |
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(5) |
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| 4 (3) |
Calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, less than 2 mm wide; corolla spur 5-6 mm |
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5 Linaria thibetica |
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Calyx lobes lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2-3 mm wide; corolla spur 2-4 mm |
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6 Linaria yunnanensis |
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| 5 (3) |
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, distinctly 3-veined; seeds 3-angled |
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10 Linaria genistifolia |
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Leaves lanceolate to linear, mostly 1-veined; seeds disclike. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Flowers purple to purple-red. |
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(7) |
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Flowers yellow. |
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(8) |
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| 7 (6) |
Plants 30-50 cm tall; corolla spurs 10-15 mm, straight |
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1 Linaria bungei |
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Plants 15-20 cm tall; corolla spurs 7-8 mm, slightly curved at tip |
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2 Linaria kulabensis |
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| 8 (6) |
Plants glabrous except for corolla; calyx lobes narrowly oblong to ovate |
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3 Linaria longicalcarata |
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Inflorescence axes, pedicels, or calyces glandular hairy, rarely glabrous; calyx lobes linear to ovate-lanceolate. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Seeds smooth in center; calyx lobes elliptic-lanceolate, apex acute to obtuse |
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4 Linaria incompleta |
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Seeds verrucose in center; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, apex acute to acuminate. |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Stems often more than 20 cm tall, branched from middle or apically; inflorescences, pedicels, and calyces glabrous or sparsely short glandular hairy; calyx lobes lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, more than 1.5 mm wide |
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7 Linaria vulgaris |
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Stems often less than 20 cm tall, many branched at base; inflorescences, pedicels, and calyces densely long glandular hairy; calyx lobes linear-lanceolate, 1-1.5 mm wide |
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8 Linaria buriatica |
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List of lower taxa
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