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2. Lycium Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 191. 1753.
枸杞属 gou qi shu
Shrubs, often armed with thorns, pubescent with simple hairs. Leaves usually fasciculate on short shoots, petiolate or subsessile; leaf blade small, plane or linear-cylindric, entire. Inflorescences solitary or fasciculate axillary flowers; peduncle absent. Flowers pedicellate. Calyx campanulate, 2- or 5-dentate or -lobed. Corolla funnelform or campanulate; tube short, limb usually (4- or) 5-lobed, enlarged at throat. Stamens inserted high in corolla tube, included or exserted; anthers oblong-elliptic, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 2-locular; ovules 1 to many. Style slender. Berry red, orange, yellow, or black, globose, ovoid, or oblong, fleshy or juicy; fruiting calyx slightly enlarged. Seeds numerous or few, compressed, pitted.
About 80 species: South America, S Africa, a few in temperate Europe and Asia; seven species in China.
Lycium cochinchinense Loureiro (Fl. Cochinch. 1: 134. 1790) is excluded from this treatment. According to Merrill (Trans. Amer. Acad. n.s., 24: 401. 1935), "it is clearly not a Lycium and
is not a solanaceous plant." While this name, with its early publication date, may have priority for some Chinese plant, it is unlikely to affect names in Lycium.
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1 |
Berry purple-black, globose; thorns occurring singly at nodes; leaves narrowly linear, fleshy; corolla tube 3-4 × as long as limb and lobes; filaments pubescent |
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1 Lycium ruthenicum |
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Berry red or orange-yellow, elongated or sometimes globose; thorns usually clustered with leaves and flowers, rarely lacking; leaves broader, linear-lanceolate, lanceolate, or elliptic, fleshy or not; corolla tube ca. 2 × as long as limb and lobes or shorter; filaments glabrous or pubescent. |
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(2) |
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2 (1) |
Corolla lobed about 1/4 way down; filaments sparsely pubescent near base. |
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(3) |
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Corolla lobed 1/3 way down or more; filaments and corolla with a villous ring just above point of insertion. |
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(4) |
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3 (2) |
Branches slender, flexible; leaves narrow, widest near middle; calyx truncate at apex or unequally divided, lobes not ciliate; apex of young fruit mucronate from a persistent style |
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2 Lycium truncatum |
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Branches stout, stiff; leaves usually oblanceolate, sometimes broadly so; calyx lobed halfway down, lobes usually ciliate; apex of young fruit rounded |
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3 Lycium dasystemum |
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4 (2) |
Corolla less than 7 mm; stamens manifestly exceeding corolla; seeds ca. l mm; berry globose, ca. 4 mm |
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7 Lycium yunnanense |
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Corolla more than 9 mm; stamens shorter than or slightly exceeding corolla; seeds 2-3 mm; berry oblong or ellipsoid, more than 5 mm. |
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(5) |
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5 (4) |
Calyx usually 2-lobed; corolla lobes marginally glabrescent, tube and limb funnelform, obviously longer than lobes |
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4 Lycium barbarum |
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Calyx usually 3-lobed or 4- or 5-dentate; corolla lobes marginally pubescent, tube cylindric or funnelform, about as long as lobes. |
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(6) |
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6 (5) |
Corolla tube cylindric, longer than lobes; leaves lanceolate |
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5 Lycium cylindricum |
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Corolla tube funnelform, shorter than or subequaling lobes; leaves mostly broadly or narrowly ovate, rhomboid, or elliptic |
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6 Lycium chinense |
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List of lower taxa
Related Links (opens in a new window) |
Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
Other Databases
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