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63. Neottia Guettard, Hist. Acad. Roy. Sci. Mém. Math. Phys. (Paris, 4°) 1750: 374. 1754.
鸟巢兰属 niao chao lan shu
Authors: Xinqi Chen, Stephan W. Gale & Phillip J. Cribb
Distomaea Spenner; Listera R. Brown (1813, nom. cons.), not Adanson (1763); Neottidium Schlechtendal; Nidus Rivinus; Pollinirhiza Dulac.
Herbs, small, terrestrial, autotrophic or holomycotrophic. Rhizome short, with many densely crowded, tufted, fibrous or fleshy, sometimes coralloid roots. Stem erect, with several sheathing bracts at base, green, buff, or reddish brown, with or without green leaves. Leaves (when present) 2 [very rarely 3 or 4 in Neottia ovata (Linnaeus) Bluff & Fingerhuth], opposite or subopposite, usually borne midway along stem, sessile or subsessile, green, sometimes with white venation, ovate, deltoid-ovate, ovate-cordate, or cordate, base shallowly cordate, truncate, or broadly cuneate. Inflorescence terminal, racemose and many flowered or rarely reduced to a solitary flower; peduncle glabrous or pubescent; floral bracts persistent, usually shorter than ovary, membranous. Flowers small, resupinate or very rarely not resupinate, membranous or fleshy, green, purple, yellowish brown, or reddish; pedicel slender; ovary ellipsoid. Sepals free, similar, spreading. Petals often narrower and shorter than sepals; lip usually much larger than sepals and petals, sometimes with a pair of auricles at base, without a spur but sometimes shallowly concave at base, apex deeply 2-lobed or emarginate, or rarely unlobed; disk sometimes with a glandular pubescent longitudinal strip or a shallow glossy depression. Column suberect, straight or slightly arcuate, long or short, without a foot; anther inserted at rear margin of clinandrium, erect or slightly nodding; filament extremely short and inconspicuous; pollinia 2, each ± longitudinally 2-parted, granular-farinaceous, without caudicles; stigma subterminal, concave or protruding; rostellum spreading horizontally or suberect, ligulate or ovate, large. Capsule small.
About 70 species: E and N Asia, Europe, and North America, with a few species extending into tropical Asia; 35 species (23 endemic) in China.
Neottia tenuis (Lindley) Szlachetko (Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 3: 119. 1995; Listera tenuis Lindley, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 1: 176. 1857) has been noted from Xizang (Press et al., Annot. Checkl. Fl. Pl. Nepal, 220. 2000). However, the present authors found no relevant specimens and therefore could not substantiate the occurrence of this species in China.
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| 1 |
Plants holomycotrophic, lacking green leaves |
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(2) |
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Plants autotrophic, with 2, rarely more, green leaves |
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(9) |
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| 2 (1) |
Lip entire; column (excluding anther and rostellum) less than 0.5 mm |
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(3) |
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Lip bilobed at apex; column (excluding anther and rostellum) 1.5-4 mm |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Floral rachis glabrous; flowers resupinate. |
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7 N. acuminata |
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Floral rachis villous; flowers not resupinate. |
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8 N. taibaishanensis |
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| 4 (2) |
Lip distinctly concave at base; apical lobes of lip diverging at an obtuse angle to one another |
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(5) |
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Lip not concave at base; apical lobes of lip parallel or diverging at an acute angle to one another |
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(6) |
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| 5 (4) |
Apical lobes of lip 2.5-3 mm; sinus of lip without a short tooth between lobes. |
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5 N. papilligera |
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Apical lobes of lip less than 1 mm; sinus of lip with a short tooth between lobes. |
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6 N. brevilabris |
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| 6 (4) |
Lip with a pair of triangular auricles at base. |
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4 N. tenii |
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Lip without a pair of auricles at base |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Lip obovate, 6-10 mm wide. |
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3 N. megalochila |
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Lip narrowly obovate-oblong or cuneate, 1.5-4 mm wide |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Lip narrowly obovate-oblong, 6-9 × 3-4 mm. |
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1 N. listeroides |
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Lip cuneate, 10-12 × 1.5-2 mm. |
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2 N. camtschatea |
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| 9 (1) |
Lip with a pair of auricles near base |
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(10) |
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Lip without a pair of auricles at base |
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(18) |
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| 10 (9) |
Auricles strongly incurved, embracing column and overlapping one another above column. |
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35 N. japonica |
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Auricles spreading outward, not embracing column |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Lip with a pair of swollen suborbicular lamellae on disk. |
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34 N. yunnanensis |
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Lip without lamellae |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Lip apex 3-lobed. |
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27 N. karoana |
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Lip apex 2-lobed |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Apical lobes of lip diverging widely, ca. 5 mm. |
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28 N. divaricata |
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Apical lobes of lip parallel, slightly incurved, strongly recurved, or diverging at an acute angle, 0.5-3 mm |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Apical lobes of lip strongly recurved and meeting underneath lip. |
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29 N. brevicaulis |
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Apical lobes of lip spreading forward or pendent, not recurved |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Rachis 1.9-2.2 cm, 2- or 3-flowered. |
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30 N. tianschanica |
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Rachis 3-13 cm, 6-19-flowered |
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(16) |
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| 16 (15) |
Peduncle ca. 15 cm, ca. 3 × as long as rachis. |
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31 N. fangii |
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Peduncle 6-10 cm, not more than 2 × as long as rachis |
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(17) |
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| 17 (16) |
Leaves borne at ca. middle of plant; rachis 3-4 cm, 6-8-flowered; pedicel glabrous; basal auricles of lip ca. 1.7 mm. |
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32 N. pseudonipponica |
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Leaves borne below middle of plant; rachis 8-13 cm, 10-19-flowered; pedicel pubescent; basal auricles of lip ca. 0.5 mm. |
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33 N. nanchuanica |
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| 18 (9) |
Plants 40-50 cm tall; leaves 5-7.5 cm. |
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12 N. mucronata |
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Plants 4-33 cm tall; leaves 0.6-4 cm |
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(19) |
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| 19 (18) |
Lip shallowly notched or emarginate at apex, sinus less than 1 mm deep |
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(20) |
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Lip distinctly 2-lobed at apex, sinus more than 1 mm deep |
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(22) |
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| 20 (19) |
Rachis 11-13-flowered; lip 3.5-4.5 mm; column ca. 1.5 mm; leaves wider than long. |
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11 N. taizanensis |
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Rachis 1-4-flowered; lip 8-10 mm; column 3-4 mm; leaves longer than wide |
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(21) |
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| 21 (20) |
Leaves inserted above middle of plant, one distinctly larger than other; inflorescence 1- or 2-flowered; rachis sparsely pubescent or almost glabrous. |
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9 N. biflora |
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Leaves inserted at ca. middle of plant, equal in size; inflorescence 2-5-flowered; rachis densely pubescent. |
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10 N. morrisonicola |
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| 22 (19) |
Lip with a distinct claw at base. |
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26 N. oblata |
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Lip not clawed at base |
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(23) |
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| 23 (22) |
Apical lobes of lip 5-7 mm |
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(24) |
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Apical lobes of lip to 3 mm |
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(28) |
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| 24 (23) |
Apical lobes of lip linear, 0.5-0.6 mm wide, apices acuminate. |
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21 N. kuanshanensis |
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Apical lobes of lip oblong-ovate, subovate, or lanceolate, 1-6 mm wide, apices obtuse-rounded or truncate |
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(25) |
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| 25 (24) |
Lip with a nectary at base |
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(26) |
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Lip without a nectary at base |
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(27) |
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| 26 (25) |
Leaves 2.5-3.8 × 2.5-4 cm; apical lobes of lip minutely ciliate. |
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22 N. chenii |
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Leaves 1-2 × 1.2-2.5 cm; apical lobes of lip not ciliate. |
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23 N. formosana |
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| 27 (25) |
Lip 3-5(-7) mm wide, without lamellae. |
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24 N. pinetorum |
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Lip 7-13 mm wide, with 2 longitudinal lamellae. |
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25 N. wardii |
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| 28 (23) |
Leaves less than 1 cm long and wide. |
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13 N. microphylla |
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Leaves more than 1 cm long and wide |
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(29) |
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| 29 (28) |
Pedicel and ovary distinctly pubescent |
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(30) |
| + |
Pedicel and ovary glabrous or occasionally sparsely pubescent |
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(31) |
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| 30 (29) |
Lip ca. 1.7 mm wide; apical sinus without a tooth between lobes. |
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14 N. puberula |
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Lip 2.5-3 mm wide; apical sinus with a tooth between lobes. |
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15 N. smithii |
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| 31 (29) |
Column 4-5 mm. |
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16 N. meifongensis |
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Column 1-3 mm |
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(32) |
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| 32 (31) |
Stem longer than peduncle and rachis together, leaves borne above middle of plant; disk of lip glandular papillose-pubescent along lateral veins. |
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17 N. longicaulis |
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Stem shorter or subequal in length to peduncle and rachis together, leaves borne at or below middle of plant; disk of lip not papillose-pubescent |
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(33) |
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| 33 (32) |
Lip to 2 mm wide; apical lobes of lip divergent, narrowly linear, ca. 0.5 mm wide |
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(34) |
| + |
Lip 3-7 mm wide; apical lobes of lip usually parallel, oblong-ovate or subovate, 1 mm or more wide |
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(35) |
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| 34 (33) |
Leaves ovate to deltoid, much longer than broad. |
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18 N. suzukii |
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Leaves orbicular-ovate or reniform, ca. as long as broad. |
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19 N. bambusetorum |
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| 35 (33) |
Lip purplish; disk without a longitudinal channel. |
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20 N. nankomontana |
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Lip greenish yellow; disk with a longitudinal channel. |
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24 N. pinetorum |
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List of lower taxa
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