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3. Parathelypteris (H. Itô) Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 300. 1963.
金星蕨属 jin xing jue shu
Authors: Youxing Lin & Kunio Iwatsuki
Thelypteris sect. Parathelypteris H. Itô in Nakai & Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 4: 127. 1939; Wagneriopteris A. Löve & D. Löve.
Plants small to medium-sized, terrestrial plants, rarely in marshes or meadows. Rhizomes long creeping or short and decumbent, ascending or erect, glabrous or with scales or rusty yellow hairs. Fronds remote, approximate, or clustered; stipes stramineous or castaneous, ± polished, bases sometimes nearly black and glabrous or with spreading, grayish white, multicellular acicular hairs, distally glabrous or pubescent; laminae ovate-oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate, tapering or not tapering to bases, pinnate-pinnatifid, acuminate and pinnatifid at apices; lateral pinnae mostly narrowly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, bases symmetrical, truncate or broadly cuneate, not adnate to rachises, sessile or occasionally shortly stalked, apices acuminate; proximal pinnae not shortened or 1 to several pairs of pinnae obviously shortened, even reduced to small auricles, pinnatifid; segments mostly oblong, rectangular, or subsquare, margins entire or ± serrate, apices rounded-obtuse, sometimes pointed or with sinuslike angles. Veinlets pinnate, free, simple and all reaching margins. Laminae herbaceous or papery, when dry yellowish green, sometimes brownish green or nearly black, both surfaces ± with pubescent or acicular hairs, rarely glabrous when dry, sometimes with orange-yellow or reddish purple glands abaxially; costae grooved adaxially, densely covered with short setae, rounded and raised abaxially and usually ± with acicular hairs, rarely glabrous. Sori orbicular, medium-sized, dorsifixed at middle or near ends of veinlets, located between main veins and margins or slightly closer to margins; indusia larger, orbicular-reniform, sometimes horseshoe-shaped, when dry brown, membranous, glabrous or hairy, usually persistent. Spores bilateral, orbicular-reniform, perispores thin and transparent, corrugate, ± finely reticulate on surfaces. x = 8, 9, 31.
About 60 species: tropical and subtropical regions of E Asia, SE Asia to Pacific islands; 24 species (11 endemic) in China.
Parathelypteris is very similar to Metathelypteris in shape, but it differs by the costae grooved adaxially; the veinlets usually simple, not forked, and reaching margins; and the indusia larger and readily discerned. The following taxa are excluded from the present treatment, pending further research: Parathelypteris auriculata H. G. Zhou & H. Li (Acta Bot. Yunnan. 14: 33. 1992), described from Guangxi (Wuming), and P. jinfoshanensis Ching & Z. Y Liu (Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 4(3): 18. 1984), described from Sichuan (Nanchuan).
Coryphopteris Holttum (Blumea 19(1): 33. 1971) was restored recently. Fawcett et al. subdivided Parathelypteris sensu PPG1 into two genera Parathelypteris sensu stricto and Coryphopteris, classifying T. castanea, T. japonica, T. nipponica and related species into the latter genus.
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| 1 |
Stipes stramineous, glabrous or sparsely shortly hairy near bases; sori usually attached near ends of veinlets and close to margins |
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(2) |
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Stipes in part or whole (usually up to rachis) castaneous or castaneous-brown, rarely stramineous, bases glabrous or with spreading grayish white acicular hairs; sori usually dorsifixed on middle of veinlets, located between costa and margins |
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(12) |
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| 2 (1) |
Several pairs of pinnae on proximal part of lamina clearly shortened |
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(3) |
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Proximal pinnae not shortened or slightly shortened |
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(7) |
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| 3 (2) |
Plants short and small, usually no more than 40 cm; rhizomes long creeping; middle pinnae no more than 3.5 cm; pinnae with more multicellular (usually 3-7 cells) acicular hairs abaxially along costae. |
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1 P. beddomei |
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Plants more than 40 cm tall; rhizomes stronger, creeping or ascending; middle pinnae usually over 4 cm; pinnae usually with unicellular acicular hairs abaxially along costae, sometimes with 2- or 3-celled hairs |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Pinnae 3 or 4 pairs on proximal part of lamina gradually shortened, proximal pair of pinnae 1-2 cm, not auriculate. |
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2 P. changbaishanensis |
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Pinnae 5-8 pairs on proximal part of lamina gradually shortened, proximal pair of pinnae reduced to small auricles or lacking |
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(5) |
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| 5 (4) |
Laminae without glands or occasionally with few orange-yellow spherical glands abaxially; rhizomes long creeping, subglabrous. |
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3 P. nipponica |
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Laminae with more orange-yellow spherical glands abaxially; rhizomes ascending or creeping, densely rusty yellow pubescent |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Rhizomes ascending; rachises with glaucous fine acicular hairs abaxially; indusia with dense setae. |
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4 P. qinlingensis |
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Rhizomes long creeping, densely rusty yellow hairy; rachises subentire abaxially; indusia glabrous or occasionally with 1 or 2 setae. |
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5 P. borealis |
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| 7 (2) |
Plants usually not more than 20 cm tall; middle pinnae 1.5-2 ?4-8 cm; segments 2-5 pairs; indusia horseshoe-shaped |
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(8) |
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Plants 25-60 cm tall, or 2-3 m tall |
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(9) |
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| 8 (7) |
Pinnae subglabrous abaxially, nearly without glands; indusia larger and subglabrous, occasionally with few grayish white setae. |
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6 P. cystopteroides |
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Costae and costules abaxially with sparse grayish white fine acicular hairs and orange- yellow orbicular glands; indusia small and with more setae. |
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7 P. grammitoides |
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| 9 (7) |
Plants 2-3 m tall; lateral pinnae 25-30 ?2-2.5 cm; segments 60-70 pairs per pinna; pinna glands confined to veinlets. |
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11 P. subimmersa |
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Plants 25-60 cm tall; middle pinnae 2-6 ?ca. 1 cm; segments 6-20 pairs; pinnae glands scattered abaxially |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Costae glabrous abaxially; segments of fertile fronds crenate along margins. |
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8 P. serrutula |
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Costae ?with acicular hairs; segments of fertile fronds entire along margins |
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(11) |
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| 11 (10) |
Middle pinnae 2-3 cm, acute at apices; segments 6-10 pairs; proximal several pairs of pinnae minutely shortened; costae with only few acicular hairs abaxially. |
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9 P. angustifrons |
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Middle pinnae ca. 4.5 cm, acuminate at apices; segments more than 15 pairs; proximal pinnae not shortened; costae with more acicular hairs abaxially. |
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10 P. glanduligera |
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| 12 (1) |
Laminae without reddish purple spherical glands abaxially |
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(13) |
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Pinnae with reddish purple spherical large glands abaxially |
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(17) |
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| 13 (12) |
Stipes with dense unicellular grayish white short acicular hairs; lamina with similar dense hairs on both surfaces. |
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20 C. castanea |
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Stipes with spreading multicellular acicular long hairs at bases |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Segments 2-4 sinuslike angular at apices |
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(15) |
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Segments not sinuslike angular at apices |
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(16) |
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| 15 (14) |
Rhizomes short and erect; bases of stipes mixed with few spreading multicellular long acicular hairs and, including above bases, with grayish white unicellular short setae; indusia sparsely pubescent. |
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21 P. pauciloba |
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Rhizomes short, decumbent or ascending; stipes with dense spreading multicellular acicular long hairs, distally subglabrous; indusia densely shortly setaceous. |
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22 P. angulariloba |
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| 16 (14) |
Laminae dark green or nearly black when dry; pinnae abaxially densely pubescent along costae, veins and interval sparsely shortly hairy; indusia glabrous or occasionally very sparsely pubescent when dry. |
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23 P. nigrescens |
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Laminae grayish green when dry; pinnae with dense multicellular beardlike long acicular hairs; indusia densely pubescent. |
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24 P. indochinensis |
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| 17 (12) |
Stipes glabrous at bases |
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(18) |
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Stipes with spreading 2- or 3-celled grayish white acicular hairs at bases |
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(19) |
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| 18 (17) |
Laminae lanceolate; middle pinnae narrower, 0.8-1.2 cm wide, glabrous or occasionally very sparsely grayish white pubescent abaxially; indusia glabrous or with sparse short hairs; stipes castaneous-brown, never stramineous. |
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18 P. chinensis |
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Laminae ovate-oblong; middle pinnae 1.3-1.6 cm wide, usually grayish white pubescent abaxially, rarely glabrous; stipes usually coetaneous, occasionally stramineous. |
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19 P. japonica |
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| 19 (17) |
Laminae abaxially with long acicular hairs along costae |
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(20) |
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Laminae with short hairs or subglabrous abaxially along rachises |
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(22) |
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| 20 (19) |
Rachises usually hairy abaxially; lateral pinnae 12-15 pairs; segments ?angular at apices, 3-6 veinlets per segment; laminae with reddish purple glands abaxially |
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12 P. chingii |
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Rachises usually glabrous abaxially, lateral pinnae 18-30 pairs; segments rounded-obtuse or rounded-truncate at apices and not angular, 7 or 8 pairs of veinlets per segment; laminae with denser reddish purple glands abaxially |
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(21) |
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| 21 (20) |
Indusia with dense grayish white acicular long hairs. |
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13 P. petelotii |
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Indusia glabrous or occasionally with few short setae. |
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14 P. hirsutipes |
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| 22 (19) |
Laminae glabrous or with few short acicular hairs abaxially; indusia glabrous or occasionally with short setae. |
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15 P. caudata |
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Laminae with dense short acicular hairs abaxially; indusia hairy also |
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(23) |
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| 23 (22) |
Indusia large, close to each other, densely shortly setaceous. |
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16 P. trichochlamys |
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Indusia medium-sized, separate from each other, sparsely pubescent. |
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17 P. caoshanensis |
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List of lower taxa
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