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47. Stachys Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 580. 1753.
水苏属 shui su shu
Herbs erect perennials or diffuse annuals, rarely subshrubs or shrubs, sometimes rhizomatous. Verticillasters 2- to many flowered, in terminal spikes. Pedicel short or obsolete. Calyx tubular-campanulate, obconical or tubular, 5- or 10-veined; teeth 5, equal or posterior 3 larger, acute to bristlelike, or spinescent. Corolla red, purple, yellow, gray, or white, 2-lipped; tube cylindric, nearly always villous annulate inside, sometimes saccate, incurved at apex, throat not dilated; upper lip straight or subpatent; lower lip longer, 3-lobed, middle lobe entire or emarginate, lateral lobes shorter. Stamens 4, reaching upper lip of corolla, anterior 2 longer and curved laterally at corolla throat; anther cells 2, conspicuous, parallel or divergent. Style apex subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Nutlets ovoid to oblong, smooth or tuberculate, apex obtuse to rounded.
About 300 species: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America; 18 species in China.
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| 1 |
Annual herbs; corolla tube short, included |
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18 Stachys arvensis |
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Perennial herbs. |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Bracteoles much longer than pedicels, at least 1/2 as long as calyx. |
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(3) |
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Bracteoles shorter to slightly longer than pedicels, early deciduous. |
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(5) |
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| 3 (2) |
Plants densely gray sericeous-lanate; leaves thick; verticillasters in long compact spikes |
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1 Stachys lanata |
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Plants pilose; leaves papery; verticillasters in widely spaced spikes. |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Branches few or none; calyx teeth ovate-lanceolate, apex spinescent, strongly reflexed |
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3 Stachys strictiflora |
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Branches many from near stem base; calyx teeth triangular, apex rigid, straight |
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2 Stachys melissifolia |
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| 5 (2) |
Stem leaves ovate-cordate, 8-12 × 5-9.5 cm; petiole 3-6.5 cm |
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4 Stachys sylvatica |
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Stem leaves smaller. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate. |
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(7) |
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Leaves ovate, oblong-ovate, or cordate. |
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(11) |
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| 7 (6) |
Abaxial leaf surface densely gray villous-tomentose, veins villous |
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9 Stachys oblongifolia |
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Abaxial leaf surface puberulent to hispid or glabrous. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Stems densely retrorse villous, nodes and angles sparsely hispid |
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5 Stachys palustris |
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Stems spreading hispid or subglabrous. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Stems densely hispid or minutely hispid; calyx densely white villous-hispid |
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6 Stachys baicalensis |
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Stems glabrous or minutely hispid to villous-hispid on nodes and angles; calyx villous-hispid or glandular puberulent. |
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(10) |
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| 10 (9) |
Adaxial leaf surface sparsely minutely hispid or subglabrous; petiole 0-5 mm; calyx sparsely villous-hispid along veins and margin |
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7 Stachys chinensis |
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Leaves glabrous; petiole 3-17 mm; calyx glandular puberulent |
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8 Stachys japonica |
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| 11 (6) |
Rhizomes not enlarged or succulent; leaves cordate- to truncate-triangular, ca. 3 cm |
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17 Stachys kouyangensis |
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Rhizomes enlarged, succulent; leaves ovate, oblong-ovate, or cordate, more than 3 cm. |
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(12) |
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| 12 (11) |
Plants subglabrous; calyx teeth with rigid apices |
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11 Stachys adulterina |
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Plants conspicuously hairy. |
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(13) |
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| 13 (12) |
Calyx teeth linear-lanceolate, reflexed, apex acuminate |
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16 Stachys pseudophlomis |
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Calyx teeth narrowly triangular, straight. |
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(14) |
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| 14 (13) |
Plants much branched, pubescent; leaves cordate |
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12 Stachys arrecta |
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Plants unbranched or few branched; leaves ovate to oblong-ovate. |
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(15) |
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| 15 (14) |
Corolla white. |
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(16) |
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Corolla yellow or red to purple. |
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(17) |
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| 16 (15) |
Adaxial leaf surface silky-strigose; calyx teeth 1-2 mm, acute |
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15 Stachys taliensis |
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Adaxial leaf surface sparsely pilose-hispid; calyx teeth ca. 3 mm, awned, ± reflexed |
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13 Stachys geobombycis |
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| 17 (15) |
Calyx teeth ca. 1.5 mm, acute |
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13 Stachys geobombycis |
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Calyx teeth 2.5-4 mm, spinescent. |
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(18) |
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| 18 (17) |
Corolla yellow; petiole to 5 cm |
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14 Stachys xanthantha |
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Corolla red to purple; petiole ca. 3 cm |
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10 Stachys sieboldii |
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List of lower taxa
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