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20. Torenia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 619. 1753.
蝴蝶草属 hu die cao shu
Herbs, glabrous or villous, rarely hispidulous. Leaves opposite, usually petiolate. Inflorescences racemose or in axillary umbellate fascicles, rarely dichotomous and terminal flowers reduced, or 1-flowered. Flowers pedicellate. Calyx ribbed or winged, often 2-lipped and short toothed, usually 5-lobed. Corolla 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed, lobes subequal; upper lip erect, apex entire, emarginate, or 2-lobed. Stamens 4; anterior filaments appendaged or less commonly unappendaged; posterior stamens included; anthers connivent in pairs, locules often apically confluent. Ovary apically usually with short coarse hairs. Style apically 2-lamellate. Capsule oblong, included in persistent calyx, septicidal. Seeds numerous, scrobiculate.
About 50 species: mostly in tropical Africa and Asia; ten species in China.
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| 1 |
Calyx ribbed or narrowly winged, wing at anthesis less than 1 mm wide. |
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(2) |
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Calyx broadly winged, wing at anthesis more than 1 mm wide. |
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(5) |
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| 2 (1) |
Plants hirsute; corolla 1.2-1.4 cm |
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1 Torenia benthamiana |
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Plants pilose, hirtellous, or villous; corolla 0.8-1.2 cm. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Inflorescences 2-5-flowered axillary fascicles |
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5 Torenia parviflora |
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Inflorescences racemose or dichotomous. |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Inflorescences usually dichotomous; plants creeping or ascending |
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2 Torenia biniflora |
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Inflorescences racemose; plants erect or sometimes diffuse |
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3 Torenia flava |
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| 5 (1) |
Filaments not appendaged. |
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(6) |
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Filaments appendaged. |
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(7) |
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| 6 (5) |
Corolla 2.5-4 cm, exceeding calyx by 1-2.3 cm; inflorescences usually racemose; stems simple or branched above middle; often cultivated |
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6 Torenia fournieri |
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Corolla 1.5-2.2 cm, exceeding calyx by 0.1-0.2 cm; inflorescences solitary or fascicled; stems branched near base; not cultivated |
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7 Torenia violacea |
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| 7 (5) |
Flowers in racemes |
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4 Torenia fordii |
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Flowers in fascicles or solitary. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Calyx base truncate or somewhat rounded, wings not decurrent; plants erect |
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8 Torenia cordifolia |
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Calyx base neither truncate nor rounded, wings decurrent; plants mostly creeping. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Corolla 1.5-2.5 cm, exceeding calyx by 0.4-1 cm; filament appendage 1-2 mm |
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9 Torenia asiatica |
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Corolla 2.5-3.9 cm, exceeding calyx by 1.1-2.1 cm; filament appendage 2-4 mm |
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10 Torenia concolor |
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Lower Taxa
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Treatments in Other Floras @ www.efloras.org
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