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7. Toxocarpus Wight & Arnott in Wight, Contr. Bot. India. 61. 1834.
弓果藤属 gong guo teng shu
Schistocodon Schauer.
Shrubs or woody lianas, villous or rusty tomentose, rarely glabrous. Cymes axillary, umbel-like. Sepals small, sometimes with minute basal glands. Corolla usually yellow or yellowish, rotate or rarely campanulate; tube very short; lobes patent-reflexed, overlapping to left, rarely to right. Corona lobes 5, inserted at back of gynostegium, dorsally compressed, slightly exceeding stamens. Anthers small, retuse, sometimes with minute apical appendages appressed to stigma head; pollinia 4 on each pollinarium, erect or horizontal. Styles short; stigma head exserted beyond anthers, beaked or swollen. Follicles divaricate, terete, usually villous. Seeds flat, beaked; coma white.
About 40 species: tropical Asia, Africa, and Pacific Islands; ten species in China.
The separation of Toxocarpus from Secamone seems to be somewhat arbitrary, and some authorities favor combining them. Goniostemma and Genianthus are also closely related and also sometimes included (see Forster & Harold, Austrobaileya 3: 69-78. 1989).
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| 1 |
Corolla lobes ovate, ca. 2.5 mm; stigma head capitate |
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10 Toxocarpus aurantiacus |
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Corolla lobes oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 5-10 mm; stigma head long beaked or fusiform. |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaves reddish brown villous to tomentose, at least abaxially when young. |
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(3) |
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Leaves glabrous or puberulent. |
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(5) |
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| 3 (2) |
Leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate-elliptic; corolla glabrous |
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7 Toxocarpus fuscus |
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Leaf blade elliptic or elliptic-oblong; corolla tube villous inside. |
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(4) |
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| 4 (3) |
Leaf blade elliptic, glabrescent, lateral veins 3-5 pairs |
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8 Toxocarpus himalensis |
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Leaf blade elliptic-oblong, densely rusty villous abaxially, lateral veins 6-8 pairs |
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9 Toxocarpus villosus |
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| 5 (2) |
Stigma head long beaked. |
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(6) |
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Stigma head fusiform or top-shaped. |
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(8) |
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| 6 (5) |
Inflorescences 7-10 cm; petiole 1.5-2 cm |
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6 Toxocarpus patens |
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Inflorescences 2-3 cm; petiole 0.8-1.2 cm. |
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(7) |
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| 7 (6) |
Leaf blade 4-5.5 × 1-2.2 cm, lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs |
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4 Toxocarpus paucinervius |
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Leaf blade 11-15 × 5-7 cm, lateral veins 5-8 pairs |
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5 Toxocarpus wangianus |
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| 8 (5) |
Leaves drying brownish; stigma head hirsute; inflorescences longer than leaves, 8-10 cm |
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3 Toxocarpus laevigatus |
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Leaves drying green; stigma head glabrous; inflorescences shorter than leaves, less than 6 cm. |
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(9) |
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| 9 (8) |
Leaf blade 6.5-8.5 × 3.5-5.2 cm; inflorescences 2-4 cm; flowers brown or deep yellow |
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2 Toxocarpus hainanensis |
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Leaf blade 3.5-6 × 1.5-4.5 cm; inflorescences up to 2 cm; flowers pale yellow |
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1 Toxocarpus wightianus |
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List of lower taxa
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