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FOC | Family List | FOC Vol. 23 | Typhaceae

2. Typha Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 971. 1753.

香蒲属 xiang pu shu

Herbs, perennial, in marshes or aquatic, with creeping rhizomes. Leaves alternate, erect, distichous, linear, usually spongy, margin entire, sheathed at base. Flowers unisexual, minute, numerous, densely crowded in a cylindric spike with lower part female and upper part male; bracts leaflike. Perianth absent. Male flowers consisting of 1-3 stamens usually connate at base of filaments, surrounded by hairs; anthers 2-thecous, basifixed, longitudinally dehiscent; filaments short; pollen grains in monads or tetrads. Female flowers: ovary 1-loculed, on a long capillary stalk with many fine hairs or bracteoles at base; styles capillary; stigmas broadened or spatulate; ovule 1; sterile ovary without style. Fruit minute, falling off together with stalk.

About 16 species: tropical and temperate regions; 12 species (three endemic) in China.


1 Female flowers without bracteoles; female part of spikes connected with or separated from male part   (2)
+ Female flowers with bracteoles; female part of spikes separated from male part   (6)
       
2 (1) Female part of spikes not separated from male part   (3)
+ Female part of spikes separated from male part   (4)
       
3 (2) Stigmas spatulate; hairs on stalk of female flowers ca. as long as style.   1 T. orientalis
+ Stigmas lanceolate; hairs on stalk of female flowers shorter than style.   2 T. latifolia
       
4 (2) Stigmas linear, slender; axis of male part in spikes with brown hairs, hairs furcate or not.   3 T. przewalskii
+ Stigmas spatulate; axis of male part in spikes with whitish or yellowish brown hairs, hairs not furcate   (5)
       
5 (4) Stems 1.5-2 m tall; hairs on stalk of female flowers shorter than style.   4 T. changbaiensis
+ Stems 0.8-1.3 m tall; hairs on stalk of female flowers ca. as long as style.   5 T. laxmannii
       
6 (1) Stems less than 0.8 m, with sheathlike leaves at base   (7)
+ Stems more than 1 m, without sheathlike leaves   (9)
       
7 (6) Axis of male part in spikes with hairs; leaves 2-4 mm wide.   12 T. lugdunensis
+ Axis of male part in spikes without hairs; leaves 1-2 mm wide   (8)
       
8 (7) Hairs on stalk of female flowers swelling at tip, shorter than style.   10 T. minima
+ Hairs on stalk of female flowers not swelling at tip, ca. as long as style.   11 T. pallida
       
9 (6) Bracteoles spatulate or subtriangular; stigmas lanceolate (to linear).   9 T. davidiana
+ Bracteoles not spatulate; stigmas linear to lanceolate   (10)
       
10 (9) Leaves abaxially carinate, transverse section triangular; bracteoles linear.   6 T. elephantina
+ Leaves abaxially convex, transverse section semicircular; bracteoles filiform to triangular   (11)
       
11 (10) Anthers ca. 2 mm; stigmas ca. as broad as styles.   7 T. angustifolia
+ Anthers ca. 1.4 mm; stigmas broader than styles.   8 T. domingensis

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