阔叶十大功劳 kuo ye shi da gong lao

Berberis bealei Fortune, Gard. Chron. 1850: 212. 1850; B. bealei var. planifolia J. D. Hooker; Mahonia bealei var. planifolia (J. D. Hooker) Ahrendt; M. japonica Thunberg var. bealei (Fortune) Fedde; M. japonica var. planifolia (J. D. Hooker) H. Léveillé.

Shrubs or small trees, 0.5-4(-8) m tall. Leaves abaxially sometimes yellowish green, adaxially dull grayish green, narrowly obovate to oblong, 27-51 × 10-20 cm, with 4-10 pairs of leaflets, lowest pair 0.5-2.5 cm above base of petiole, abaxially very or slightly glaucous, venation indistinct on both surfaces; rachis 2-4 mm in diam.; internodes 3-10 cm, decreasing in length apically; leaflets increasing in length but decreasing in width from base to apex, thick, rigid, lowest pair ovate, 1.2-3.5 × 1-2 cm, with 1 or 2 teeth, those above suborbicular to ovate or oblong, 2-10.5 × 2-6 cm, base rounded, oblique, sometimes cordate, margin with 2-6 teeth on each side, apex cuspidate; terminal leaflet much larger, 7-13 × 3.5-10 cm, petiolule 1-6 cm or leaflets appearing sessile because of a basal lobe. Inflorescence erect, 3-9-fascicled racemes, 7-26 cm; bracts at base of inflorescence ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-4 × 0.7-1.2 cm. Pedicel 4-6 mm; floral bracts broadly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 × 2-3 mm, apically obtuse. Sepals yellow; outer sepals ovate, 2.3-2.5 × 1.5-2.5 mm; median sepals elliptic, 5-6 × 3.5-4 mm; inner sepals oblong-elliptic, 6.5-7 × 4-4.5 mm. Petals obovate-elliptic, 6-7 × 3-4 mm, base with distinct glands, apex slightly emarginate, with rounded lobes. Stamens 3.2-4.5 mm; anther connective 1.1-1.3 mm, rounded to truncate. Ovary oblong-ovoid, ca. 3.2 mm; ovules 3 or 4; style short. Berry dark purple, pruinose, ovoid, ca. 1.5 × 1-1.2 cm; persistent style nearly absent. Fl. Sep-Jun of following year, fr. Mar-May. 2n = 28*.

● Forests, forest margins, weedy slopes, streamsides, roadsides, thickets; 500-2000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.

This species is cultivated in Japan, Mexico, the warmer parts of Europe and the United States, and is naturalized in the SE United States.