欧洲山芥 ou zhou shan jie

Barbarea arcuata (Opiz ex J. & C. Presl) Reichard; B. vulgaris var. arcuata (Opiz ex J. & C. Presl) Fries; Erysimum arcuatum Opiz ex J. & C. Presl; E. barbarea Linnaeus.

Herbs biennial or rarely perennial, glabrous throughout or sparsely hairy. Stems (20-)30-80(-100) cm tall, erect, angled, branched above. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves petiolate; petiole (0.5-)2-8(-12) cm, glabrous or ciliate; leaf blade (1-)2-8(-10) cm, lyrate-pinnatifid, with 1-3(-5) lobes on each side of midvein, rarely early ones undivided, sometimes slightly fleshy; lateral lobes oblong or ovate, 0.3-2(-4) cm × 1-8(-15) mm, entire, repand, crenate, or dentate; terminal lobe ovate or suborbicular, considerably larger than lateral ones, (0.7-)1.5-4.5(-7) × (0.4-)1-3(-5) cm. Upper cauline leaves ovate or suborbicular, undivided, coarsely dentate, sinuate, or rarely subentire, sessile, conspicuously auriculate; auricles ovate or narrowly oblong, to 10 × 5 mm, often ciliate. Racemes ebracteate, elongated considerably in fruit. Sepals yellow, oblong, 3-4 × 1-1.5 mm, erect, margin scarious, lateral pair slightly saccate. Petals yellow, spatulate, rounded, 5-6(-7) × 1.5-2 mm, attenuate to base. Filaments yellow, 3-4.5 mm; anthers oblong, 0.7-1.2 mm. Fruiting pedicels divaricate or erect-ascending, 3-7 mm, terete or subquadrangular, glabrous, narrower than fruit. Fruit linear, (0.7-)1.5-3 cm × 1-1.5 mm, terete, somewhat compressed, or 4-angled, torulose, erect to erect-ascending; gynophore to 0.5 mm; valves apex obtuse or subacute; style slender, 1.5-3 mm. Seeds dark brown, broadly ovate or subglobose, 1.2-1.5 × 1-1.2 mm, uniseriate, plump, wingless. Fl. and fr. Apr-Aug. 2n = 16.

Along ditches, river banks, damp grasslands, waste places, roadsides, fields, disturbed sites; 700-4100 m. Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Xinjiang [India, Japan, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Korea, Mongolia, Pakistan, Russia, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan; SW Asia, Europe; naturalized elsewhere].