诸葛菜 zhu ge cai

Brassica violacea Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 667. 1753; Arabis chanetii H. Léveillé; Cardamine potentillifolia H. Léveillé; Moricandia sonchifolia (Bunge) J. D. Hooker; M. sonchifolia var. homaeophylla Hance; Orychophragmus diffusus Z. M. Tan & J. M. Xu; O. hupehensis (Pampanini) Z. M. Tan & X. L. Zhang; O. sonchifolius Bunge; O. sonchifolius var. hupehensis Pampanini; O. sonchifolius var. intermedius Pampanini; O. sonchifolius var. subintegrifolius Pampanini; O. taibaiensis Z. M. Tan & B. Z. Zhao; O. violaceus var. homaeophyllus (Hance) O. E. Schulz; O. violaceus var. hupehensis (Pampanini) O. E. Schulz; O. violaceus var. intermedius (Pampanini) O. E. Schulz; O. violaceus var. lasiocarpus Migo; O. violaceus var. subintegrifolius (Pampanini) O. E. Schulz; Raphanus chanetii H. Léveillé; R. courtoisii H. Léveillé; R. violaceus (Linnaeus) Crantz.

Herbs annual or biennial, (6-)15-60(-90) cm tall. Stems erect, simple or branched at base, often branched above, straight, glabrous or sparsely to densely pilose. Basal leaves not rosulate; petiole (1-)2-8(-11) cm; blade or terminal leaf lobe cordate, reniform, broadly ovate, or suborbicular, (0.4-)1.5-10(-14) × (0.3-)1-4(-7) cm, glabrous or pilose, base cordate or rarely obtuse, margin coarsely crenate with teeth ending in apiculae, apex acute or obtuse; lateral lobes 1-6 on each side, sessile or petiolulate, to 3 × 2 cm, sometimes absent. Uppermost cauline leaves auriculate or amplexicaul, sessile or petiolate, (0.5-)2-9(-15) × (0.2-)1-6(-9) cm, margin coarsely and irregularly dentate, rarely entire, apex acute or acuminate; auricles to 3 × 4 cm; lateral lobes absent or 1-4 on each side, sessile or petiolulate. Fruiting pedicels divaricate, glabrous or pilose, narrower than fruit, (0.6-)0.8-2(-3) cm. Sepals linear, erect, connivent, (0.6-)0.8-1.3(-1.6) cm × 1.5-2.5 mm, base of lateral pair strongly saccate. Petals deep purple, lavender, or white, broadly obovate, (1.2-)1.6-2.5(-3.2) cm × (4-)5-9(-11) mm, apex rounded; claw as long as sepals. Filaments 0.8-1.8 cm; anthers linear, (3-)4-6(-8) mm, distinctly apiculate. Ovules (20-)40-70 per ovary. Fruit narrowly linear, stout, terete or somewhat 4-angled, (3-)4.5-11(-13) cm × 1.5-3 mm; valves glabrous or densely hirsute, torulose, usually with a prominent midvein; style (0.3-)0.7-3(-5.5) cm; stigma slightly to distinctly 2-lobed, lobes decurrent. Seeds oblong, 2-3(-3.5) × 1-2 mm. Fl. Mar-Jun, fr. May-Jul. 2n = 24.

Roadsides, gardens, forests, fields, thickets, valleys, hillsides, sunny slopes; near sea level to 1500 m. Anhui, Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [Korea; naturalized in Japan].

An examination of the holotype of Arabis chanetii readily reveals that the name is a synonym of Orychophragmus violaceus. The former was recognized as a distinct species of Arabis in FRPS and in Fl. Hebei. (1: 538. 1986).