48. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans. 2: 124. 1833.
丹参 dan shen
Plants perennial. Taproot thickened, succulent, scarlet outside. Stems erect, 40-80 cm tall, villous, much branched. Leaves simple to odd-pinnate; petiole 1.3-7.5 cm, densely retrorse villous, petiolule 2-14 mm; leaflets 3-5(-7), 1.5-8 × 1-4 cm, blades or leaflets circular to broadly lanceolate, pilose, densely so abaxially, margin crenate, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences densely villous or glandular villous; verticillasters 6- to many flowered, basally remote, apically crowded, in terminal or axillary racemes 4.5-17 cm; bracts lanceolate. Pedicel 3-4 mm. Calyx campanulate, purplish, ca. 1.1 cm, slightly dilated after anthesis, sparsely villous or glandular villous, margin ciliate; upper lip entire, triangular, ca. 4 × 8 mm, apex 3-mucronate; lower lip almost as long as upper, 2-toothed. Corolla purple-blue or white, 2-2.7 cm, glandular pubescent, densely so on upper lip; tube imperfectly fine pilose annulate inside, exserted, shorter than limb, 2 mm wide at base, to 8 mm wide at throat; upper lip 1.2-1.5 cm, falcate; lower lip shorter, middle lobe ca. 5 × to 10 mm, 2-lobulate; lateral lobes rounded, ca. 3 mm wide. Filaments 3.5-4 mm; connectives 1.7-2 cm. Style much exserted. Nutlets ellipsoid, ca. 3.2 × 1.5 mm. Fl. Apr-Aug, fr. Sep-Oct.
Hillsides, streamsides, forests; 100-1300 m. Anhui, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang [Japan]
