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58. CAREX sect. HOLARRHENAE (Döll) Pax in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2(2): 124. 1888.
二柱薹草组 er zhu tai cao zu
Carex [unranked] Holarrhenae Döll, Fl. Baden, 245. 1857.
Plants usually with long creeping rhizome. Leaves: side of sheath opposite blade herbaceous and membranous only near orifice. Involucral bracts usually glumelike. Inflorescence dense, spicate; spikes androgynous (or unisexual). Utricles plano-convex, papery or membranous, veined, in upper half with very narrow denticulate winglike margins, beak scarcely 2-toothed. Nutlets loosely enveloped, shorter than utricle bodies.
About 11 species: temperate zone of Asia, Europe, North America; 11 species (five endemic) in China.
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1 |
Utricles leathery, with winglike thickened margins, scabrous above, veins numerous on both faces, conspicuously raised. |
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503 C. curaica |
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Utricles membranous, with winged margins (at least above), veins not conspicuously raised |
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(2) |
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2 (1) |
Utricles winged on margins above |
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(3) |
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Utricles narrowly winged on margins |
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(4) |
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3 (2) |
Utricles ovate or oblong-ovate, sparsely pilose on both faces, rather densely so above, and usually verruculose. |
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493 C. pallida |
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Utricles obovate-oblong, distally verruculose and sparsely hirsute on both faces. |
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494 C. maorshanica |
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4 (2) |
Utricles pubescent and verruculose, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate |
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(5) |
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Utricles glabrous, not verruculose, ovate or elliptic-ovate |
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(6) |
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5 (4) |
Leaf blades 2.5-3.5 mm wide; utricles 3.5-4.5 mm, pubescent on both faces, sometimes sparsely long puberulent at base. |
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495 C. dailingensis |
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Leaf blades 1.5-2 mm wide; utricles 5.5-6.5 mm, verruculose and sparsely hirsute on both faces above. |
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496 C. laricetorum |
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6 (4) |
Utricles ovate to broadly ovate, spongy. |
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497 C. lithophila |
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Utricles elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, not spongy |
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(7) |
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7 (6) |
Spikes usually unisexual; plants dioecious (rarely monoecious); utricles usually sparsely ferruginous dotted. |
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498 C. unisexualis |
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Spikes usually androgynous, rarely unisexual; plants monoecious; utricles not ferruginous dotted |
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(8) |
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8 (7) |
Utricles 2-toothed at orifice |
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(9) |
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Utricles obliquely truncate at orifice, deeply cleft to middle or 2-toothed abaxially |
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(10) |
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9 (8) |
Utricles gradually attenuate into a long beak; creeping rhizome subterete; plants of forests or sandy beaches. |
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499 C. yamatsutana |
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Utricles abruptly constricted into a short beak; creeping rhizome trigonous; plants of swamps. |
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500 C. pseudocuraica |
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10 (8) |
Female glumes oblong, ca. 4 mm, apex acuminate. |
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501 C. jiaodongensis |
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Female glumes broadly ovate or suborbicular, 2-2.2 mm, apex obtuse. |
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502 C. paracuraica |
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List of lower taxa
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