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FOC | Family List | FOC Vol. 23 | Cyperaceae

38. CAREX sect. PALUDOSAE G. Don in Loudon, Hort. Brit. 377. 1830.

沼生薹草组 zhao sheng tai cao zu

Authors: Lun-Kai Dai & Tetsuo Koyama

Rhizomes stoloniferous. Leaves with short and transverse septate nodes between veins. Involucral bracts not sheathed or lower involucral bracts shortly sheathed. Spikes unisexual, usually 1-4 spikes male, remaining spikes female, single in an involucral bract sheath; female spikes cylindric or oblong, densely many flowered, shortly pedunculate, upper spikes rather shortly pedunculate or nearly sessile. Female glumes ovate or broadly ovate, usually 3-veined, apex mucronate or aristate. Utricles obliquely patent, ovoid, rarely oblong or lanceolate, slightly inflated trigonous, leathery or corky, glabrous, several veined, rarely veins indistinct, apex attenuate into a short beak, orifice shortly 2-toothed. Nutlets rather loosely enveloped; style strict, base sometimes recurved, not or rarely thickened; stigmas 3.

About 35 species: Africa, temperate Asia, North and South America; 12 species (three endemic) in China.


1 Female spikes oblong, not surpassing 2.5 cm; utricles subcorky, thick, with slightly concave or indistinct veins   (2)
+ Female spikes cylindric; utricles subleathery or leathery, with convex veins   (6)
       
2 (1) Female glumes orbicular-ovate, apex mucronate; utricles ovoid, 3-4 mm, indistinctly veined; nutlets broadly obovate or broadly elliptic.   363 C. heterostachya
+ Female glumes broadly ovate or ovate, apex muticous (only C. melanostachya and C. subpumila with aristate or mucronate apex); utricles oblong or ovate, 5-8.5 mm, distinctly or slightly concave veined; nutlets oblong or obovate   (3)
       
3 (2) Female glumes broadly ovate, 5.5-6 mm; utricles 6-8.5 mm, with distinct veins, not concave   (4)
+ Female glumes ovate, 3.5-4.5 mm; utricles ca. 5 mm, with slightly concave veins   (5)
       
4 (3) Utricles oblong-elliptic, 6-8.5 mm; nutlets oblong, 4-5.5 mm.   364 C. scabrifolia
+ Utricles ovate, 6-6.5 mm; nutlets obovate, ca. 3 mm.   365 C. pumila
       
5 (3) Female glumes mucronate at apex; utricles narrowly elliptic or oblong; nutlets narrowly elliptic, ca. 4 mm.   366 C. subpumila
+ Female glumes aristate at apex; utricles ovate; nutlets obovate, ca. 2 mm.   367 C. melanostachya
       
6 (1) Male spikes 3-6, sometimes lower male spike with few female flowers at base.   356 C. riparia
+ Male spikes 1 or 2, rarely 3, without female flowers at base   (7)
       
7 (6) Female glumes lanceolate, apex mucronate; utricles oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 6-7 mm   (8)
+ Female glumes ovate or broadly ovate, apex muticous or mucronate; utricles oblong-ovate, ovate, or broadly ovate, 4-5(-5.5) mm   (9)
       
8 (7) Utricles oblong, stramineous, usually dark red flecked, veins indistinct.   357 C. argyi
+ Utricles lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, olivaceous or brownish green, veins distinct.   358 C. kirganica
       
9 (7) Female glumes broadly ovate, apex obtuse, mucronate; utricles elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 5-6 mm, brownish green, emarginate at orifice.   359 C. rugulosa
+ Female glumes ovate, apex acuminate or acute, muticous or mucronate; utricles broadly ovate or ovate, ca. 4 mm, stramineous, brown or brown-red flecked, 2-toothed at orifice   (10)
       
10 (9) Female glumes acute at apex, mucronate; utricles ovate, obtusely trigonous, teeth divergent at orifice.   360 C. gotoi
+ Female glumes acuminate at apex, muticous; utricles broadly ovate, inflated trigonous, teeth strict at orifice   (11)
       
11 (10) Utricles orange or stramineous, usually brown flecked, with distinct veins.   361 C. songorica
+ Utricles stramineous, without brown flecks, veins indistinct.   362 C. tangiana

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