1	Radical leaves pinnate (sometimes 3-foliolate in P. hypargyrea).		(2)
+	Radical leaves palmately 3–5-foliolate.		(24)
2 (1)	Leaves abaxially green or greenish, sericeous, pilose, or glabrescent.		(3)
+	Leaves abaxially densely white or yellowish tomentose or sericeous.		(9)
3 (2)	Leaflet margin parted to midvein.		(4)
+	Leaflet margin serrate or lobed, but not deeply so to midvein.		(6)
4 (3)	Radical leaves 3-foliolate, or terminal leaflets pseudopinnately parted, abaxially white sericeous.		62 P. hypargyrea
+	Radical leaves pinnate, abaxially green, pilose or sparsely sericeous.		(5)
5 (4)	Leaflets 2-pinnately dissected, ultimate segments ca. 1 mm wide, both surfaces pilose, apex acuminate; stipules proximally adnate to petiole for ca. 3/4 their length; inflorescences 1–3-flowered.		61 P. coriandrifolia
+	Leaflets 1-pinnatifid, ultimate segments ca. 2 mm wide, both surfaces pilose and granular sessile glandular, apex obtuse; stipules proximally adnate to petiole for ca. 1/2 their length; inflorescences cymose, many flowered.		63 P. granulosa
6 (3)	Radical leaves with 2 or 3(or 4) pairs of leaflets.		(7)
+	Radical leaves with 4–23 pairs of leaflets.		(8)
7 (6)	Leaflet margin coarsely acutely or obtusely incised serrate; flowers ca. 2 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments equaling sepals.		66 P. lancinata
+	Leaflet margin crenulate; flowers 1.5–1.8 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments shorter than sepals.		67 P. crenulata
8 (6)	Inflorescence lax, many flowered; flowers usually 1–1.5 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments linear- lanceolate, usually shorter than sepals, not enlarged in fruit.		64 P. tanacetifolia
+	Inflorescence compact, few flowered; flowers 1.5–1.8 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments oblong- lanceolate, nearly equaling or slightly longer than sepals, enlarged in fruit.		65 P. longifolia
9 (2)	Radical leaves with 2–4 pairs of leaflets, leaflet margin serrate.		(10)
+	Radical leaves with (2 or)3–11 pairs of leaflets, leaflet margin parted or lobed.		(13)
10 (9)	Flowering stems and petioles pilose or villous.		47 P. griffithii
+	Flowering stems and petioles ± interwoven white tomentose and pilose, rarely glabrescent.		(11)
11 (10)	Leaflets abaxially appressed sericeous on veins; sepals abaxially densely villous or sericeous.		46 P. potaninii
+	Leaflets abaxially white tomentose on veins; sepals abaxially densely white tomentose.		(12)
12 (11)	Leaflets in 2–4 pairs, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, margin incised serrate.		45 P. discolor
+	Leaflets in 2 pairs, oblong to obovate-oblong, margin pectinately lobed.		48 P. hololeuca
13 (9)	Flowering stems and petioles ± interwoven white tomentose or downy, rarely glabrescent.		(14)
+	Flowering stems and petioles sericeous, villous, floccose, or pubescent, but not tomentose.		(17)
14 (13)	Leaflets of radical leaves pinnately or palmately parted nearly to base, thereby appearing verticillate.		40 P. verticillaris
+	Leaflets of radical leaves not as above, not appearing verticillate.		(15)
15 (14)	Leaflet margin pectinate, lobes fasciated oblong or oblong-lanceolate.		44 P. strigosa
+	Leaflet margin not pectinate, lobes often broader.		(16)
16 (15)	Leaflets in 3–5(–8) pairs, subleathery, abaxially densely white tomentose, margin oblong or triangular lobed.		39 P. sischanensis
+	Leaflets in 4–8 pairs, thinly papery, abaxially canescent tomentose, margin oblong dentate or triangular lobed.		41 P. limprichtii
17 (13)	Leaflets abaxially wholly tomentose or sericeous, sometimes glabrescent.		(18)
+	Leaflets abaxially tomentose, white sericeous on veins.		(19)
18 (17)	Leaflets abaxially densely appressed sericeous, sometimes glabrescent, margin flat or slightly revolute; stipules of cauline leaves entire; flowering stems and petioles sparsely sericeous or glabrescent.		36 P. multiceps
+	Leaflets abaxially tomentose or sericeous, margin strongly revolute; stipules of cauline leaves entire or 2-fid; flowering stems and petioles densely spreading white sericeous.		38 P. sericea
19 (17)	Leaflets abaxially tomentose and sparsely white villous, adaxially greenish, appressed white villous or sericeous, lobes adjacent.		(20)
+	Leaflets abaxially sericeous only on veins, adaxially green, appressed pilose, rarely glabrescent, lobes distant.		(21)
20 (19)	Radical leaves with 3–5 pairs of leaflets; stipules of cauline leaves entire, rarely 2-fid; stems and petioles appressed white villous.		35 P. pamiroalaica
+	Radical leaves with 6–9 pairs of leaflets; stipules of cauline leaves 2- or 3-fid; stems and petioles spreading white sericeous-villous.		37 P. plumosa
21 (19)	Flowers usually 1.2–1.5 cm in diam.; sepals erect, enlarged after flowering.		(22)
+	Flowers usually 0.8–1.2 cm in diam.; sepals adnate to fruit, not enlarged after flowering.		(23)
22 (21)	Leaflets usually parted almost to midvein, lobes narrow, ± fasciated lanceolate; plants appressed pubescent or recumbent sericeous, rarely glabrescent, hairs to 2 mm.		33 P. multifida
+	Leaflets usually lobed, but not nearly midvein, lobes triangular-oblong or triangular-lanceolate to fasciated oblong; plants sparsely spreading white villous, hairs 3–4 mm.		43 P. conferta
23 (21)	Stipules of cauline leaves usually dentately lobed; flowering stems white sericeous.		42 P. chinensis
+	Stipules of cauline leaves usually entire; flowering stems white villous.		34 P. multicaulis
24 (1)	Leaves abaxially white tomentose or sericeous.		(25)
+	Leaves abaxially green, pilose.		(37)
25 (24)	Radical leaves palmately 5-foliolate, rarely 3-foliolate with leaflets pinnately parted, cauline leaves 3 to many; inflorescence corymbose, many flowered.		(26)
+	Radical leaves 3(or 5)-foliolate, cauline leaves very few, 1- or 2-foliolate; inflorescence 2- or 3-flowered.		(29)
26 (25)	Leaflets of radical leaves 5–8-lobed; flowers 0.8–1 cm in diam.		57 P. virgata
+	Leaflets of radical leaves serrate or 1–4-lobed; flowers 1–2 cm in diam.		(27)
27 (26)	Leaflets abaxially gray pilose or tomentose, margin flat, incised serrate.		60 P. inclinata
+	Leaflets abaxially densely white tomentose, margin slightly or markedly revolute, irregularly 2–5-dentate distally or 2–4-lobed on each side.		(28)
28 (27)	Leaflet margin slightly revolute, 2–4-lobed on each side, lobes narrowly fasciated.		58 P. angustiloba
+	Leaflet margin markedly revolute, entire in proximal 1/2, irregularly 2–5-dentate in distal 1/2.		59 P. argentea
29 (25)	Radical leaves 5-foliolate.		51 P. saundersiana
+	Radical leaves 3-foliolate.		(30)
30 (29)	Flowering stems and petioles usually white tomentose; leaflets abaxially tomentose on lateral veins.		(31)
+	Flowering stems and petioles villous or also white tomentose; leaflets abaxially sericeous or pilose.		(32)
31 (30)	Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, margin coarsely triangular 5–7-serrate; sepals abaxially appressed pilose.		49 P. nivea
+	Leaflets elliptic-ovate or obovate, margin sharply ovate 3–7-serrate; sepals abaxially white tomentose.		50 P. betonicifolia
32 (30)	Stipules of cauline leaves broad, fasciated 2–4-lobed; flowers 2–3 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments abaxially silvery tomentose.		53 P. delavayi
+	Stipules of cauline leaves small, entire, rarely 2-serrate; flowers 1–2 cm in diam.; epicalyx segments abaxially usually green and pilose.		(33)
33 (32)	Pedicels and sepals abaxially glandular hairy; leaflets abaxially canescent tomentose, glabrescent when old, adaxially pilose and glandular hairy.		55 P. evestita
+	Pedicels and sepals abaxially not glandular hairy; leaflets abaxially densely persistently tomentose, adaxially appressed sericeous or pilose, rarely glabrescent.		(34)
34 (33)	Plants gray tomentose; terminal leaflet of radical leaves shortly petiolulate.		54 P. nervosa
+	Plants white tomentose; leaflets of radical leaves sessile.		(35)
35 (34)	Leaflets abaxially densely silvery tomentose and appressed silvery sericeous, adaxially appressed silvery sericeous; flowers ca. 2 cm in diam.; petals purplish at base; stamens and styles purple.		56 P. argyrophylla
+	Leaflets abaxially densely gray or white tomentose, pilose on veins, adaxially green or gray-green, appressed sericeous or pilose; petals yellow; stamens and styles yellow-white.		(36)
36 (35)	Leaflets adaxially appressed pilose, margin crenate; pedicels erect; flowers 1–1.4 cm in diam.		51 P. saundersiana
+	Leaflets adaxially appressed sericeous, margin lobed, lobes fasciated; pedicels nodding; flowers 1.5–2 cm in diam.		52 P. pendula
37 (24)	Radical leaves pinnate.		69 P. supina
+	Radical leaves 3-foliolate, pedate, or palmate, rarely some leaves pinnate.		(38)
38 (37)	Radical leaves palmately or pedately 5-foliolate, rarely some leaves 3-foliolate or pinnate.		(39)
+	Radical leaves 3-foliolate.		(43)
39 (38)	Stems prostrate, stoloniferous; roots slender; flowers 0.5–1 cm in diam.		68 P. kleiniana
+	Stems erect or decumbent; roots robust, usually woody; flowers 1.5–2.5 cm in diam.		(40)
40 (39)	Plants glandular hairy.		(41)
+	Plants not glandular hairy.		(42)
41 (40)	Plants red stipitate glandular hairy; radical leaves palmately or pedately 5-foliolate.		77 P. desertorum
+	Plants sessile glandular hairy; radical leaves palmately 5-foliolate, some leaves 3-foliolate, rarely pinnate.		78 P. subdigitata
42 (40)	Flowering stems and petioles pubescent, glabrescent; plants with leaf rosettes at anthesis.		75 P. chrysantha
+	Flowering stems and petioles white villous, hairs basally enlarged; plants without leaf rosettes at anthesis.		76 P. recta
43 (38)	Flowering stems prostrate, elongate.		(44)
+	Flowering stems erect or ascending.		(46)
44 (43)	Flowers many, in terminal cymes.		71 P. cryptotaeniae
+	Flower solitary, lateral or terminal.		(45)
45 (44)	Leaflets sessile, margin deeply serrate, stipules leathery, margin entire.		69 P. supina
+	Leaflets markedly petiolulate, margin narrowly serrate, stipules membranous, margin entire or serrate.		70 P. centigrana
46 (43)	Flowers 2.5–4 cm in diam.		73 P. macrosepala
+	Flowers not more than 2 cm in diam.		(47)
47 (46)	Leaflets abaxially and sepals abaxially densely sessile glandular.		78 P. subdigitata
+	Leaflets abaxially and sepals abaxially not or only inconspicuously glandular.		(48)
48 (47)	Plants spiny-setose, 10–20 cm tall.		72 P. asperrima
+	Plants not spiny-setose, more than 20 cm tall.		(49)
49 (48)	Plants 50–100 cm tall; leaflets usually oblong or oblong-lanceolate, apex prolonged acuminate; stipules of cauline leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, mostly adnate to petiole.		71 P. cryptotaeniae
+	Plants 20–50 cm tall; leaflets usually elliptic, obovate, rhombic, or flabellate, apex obtuse or acute; stipules of cauline leaves broadly ovate or ovate-elliptic, free part longer than adnate part.		(50)
50 (49)	Stems spreading; stipules of cauline leaves submembranous, margin entire or serrate; peduncle leafy; flowers 0.6–0.8 cm in diam.		70 P. centigrana
+	Stems erect or ascending; stipules of cauline leaves herbaceous, margin entire; peduncle with minute, leaflike bracts; flowers 1–1.2 cm in diam.		74 P. xizangensis