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| 1 |
Small subshrubs, less than 25 cm tall; stipules often over 20 mm, longitudinally 8-10-ribbed; inflorescences solitary, over 5 cm. |
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(2) |
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Herbs or subshrubs, often more than 30 cm tall; stipules less than 13 mm, longitudinally 2-ribbed; inflorescences in pairs, less than 4 cm. |
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(4) |
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| 2 (1) |
Leaf blade oblong-ovate, apex acuminate or shortly caudate; achene oblong-ovoid, spinulose-verrucose. |
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5 P. basicordata |
| + |
Leaf blade ovate to suborbicular, apex obtuse, shortly acuminate, or cuspidate; achene broadly ovoid or subglobose, purplish spots or verrucose. |
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(3) |
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| 3 (2) |
Stems terete; leaf blade suborbicular; achene ca. 1.2 mm. |
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6 P. amplistipulata |
| + |
Stems roundly 6-angled; leaf blade oblong or broadly ovate; achene ca. 2.8 mm. |
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7 P. hexagona |
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| 4 (1) |
Male flowers in clusters or forming pedunculate capitula. |
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(5) |
| + |
Male flowers in dichotomous cymes, racemes, or panicles. |
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(7) |
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| 5 (4) |
Plants erect, less than 40 cm tall; leaf blade obovate, adaxial surface with 2, white grooves; male flowers forming pedunculate capitula, peduncle 1.5-4 cm. |
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15 P. cadierei |
| + |
Plants erect, ascending, or climbing, usually over 50 cm tall; leaf blade lanceolate, uniformly colored, without adaxial white grooves; male flowers in axillary clusters. |
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(6) |
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| 6 (5) |
Leaf blade oblong- or linear-lanceolate, 6-10 × 1.5-2.8 cm; petiole 0.5-1.5 cm. |
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13 P. rubriflora |
| + |
Leaf blade elliptic- or ovate-lanceolate, (3-)10-22 × (1.3-)4-6.5 cm; petiole (0.5-)2-7 cm. |
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14 P. funkikensis |
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| 7 (4) |
Leaf blade margin entire or erose, rarely inconspicuously serrate distally; achene with a purplish ring on both surfaces. |
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12 P. longicaulis |
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Leaf blade margin serrate or crenate-serrate; achene without colored ring on both surfaces. |
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(8) |
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| 8 (7) |
Male flowers in dichotomously branched cymes; leaf blade often lanceolate. |
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(9) |
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Male flowers in racemose cymes, few branched; leaf blade ovate or oblong. |
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(10) |
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| 9 (8) |
Leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 7-15 × 2-4.5 cm; achene ovoid, spinulose-verrucose. |
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8 P. spinulosa |
| + |
Leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, 2.5-10 × 1.2-3.5 cm; achene oblong-ovoid, tuberculate. |
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9 P. dolichocarpa |
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| 10 (8) |
Leaf blade oblong, apex acute; male glomerules scattered; achene ca. 2 mm, smooth, densely purplish spotted. |
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10 P. tsiangiana |
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Leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate; male glomerules compact; achene ca. 1.2 mm, spinulose-verrucose. |
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11 P. pseudonotata |
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