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FOC | Family List | FOC Vol. 8 | Saxifragaceae | Saxifraga

4. Saxifraga sect. Ciliatae Haworth, Misc. Nat. 160. 1803.

山羊臭组 shan yang xiu zu

Hirculus Haworth.

Herbs mostly perennial, some possibly annual, biennial, or monocarpic perennial (suspected rather than demonstrated), forming erect individuals, cespitose clumps, cushions, or sprawling mats, lacking basal bulbils. Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite, petiolate or not; leaf blade herbaceous or carnose, lacking chalk glands and crystals, margin usually entire, occasionally toothed or lobed. Flowering stem usually leafy; inflorescence cymose or flower solitary. Flowers sometimes unisexual, actinomorphic, 5-merous. Petals usually yellow or orange, occasionally white, pink, or red, sometimes spotted orange, red, or purple, very often with callosities. Filaments subulate to linear; pollen 3-nucleate, exine tectum finely striate. Carpels connate for most of placental region, dehiscing distally in fruit; ovary subsuperior to subinferior. Integuments 2.

About 175 species: Asia, Europe, North America, mainly in arctic and montane regions; 166 species (112 endemic) in China.


Key 7

1 Margin of basal leaves glabrous or apparently so.   (2)
+ Margin of basal leaves ciliate.   (9)
       
2 (1) Flowers with conspicuous nectary disc surrounding ovary; pedicels white eglandular pilose.   (3)
+ Flowers without conspicuous nectary disc; pedicels brown glandular pilose or glabrous.   (4)
       
3 (2) Leaves alternate; petals broadly elliptic, 3-4 × 2-2.5 mm   139 S. engleriana
+ At least some leaves opposite; petals elliptic, ca. 2 × 1.1 mm   140 S. contraria
       
4 (2) Pedicels sparsely glandular pilose; petals broadly elliptic, 7-8 × 5-6 mm   132 S. drabiformis
+ Pedicels glabrous; petals elliptic or narrowly ovate to suboblong, 2-7 × 1-3 mm.   (5)
       
5 (4) Petals 1-veined   152 S. uninervia
+ Petals at least 3-veined.   (6)
       
6 (5) Leaves to 4 mm, tightly imbricate; plants forming a compact cushion; petals 2-3 mm   141 S. atuntsiensis
+ Leaves at least 4.5 mm, laxly imbricate; plants erect or forming a mat; petals at least 4 mm.   (7)
       
7 (6) Petals purple abaxially and yellow adaxially, or yellow throughout   149 S. glacialis
+ Petals yellow abaxially.   (8)
       
8 (7) Plants usually less than 7 cm tall; apex of cauline leaves mucronate   150 S. flexilis
+ Plants at least 7 cm tall; apex of cauline leaves obtuse   146 S. carnosula
       
9 (1) Margin of basal leaves glandular ciliate distally.   (10)
+ Margin of basal leaves eglandular setose-ciliate or fimbriate-ciliate distally, occasionally so only proximally.   (17)
       
10 (9) Flowering stem submerged in foliage.   (11)
+ Flowering stem visible, overtopping foliage.   (13)
       
11 (10) Leaves glabrous adaxially   129 S. jainzhuglaensis
+ Leaves glandular pilose adaxially.   (12)
       
12 (11) Basal leaves with long, glandular hairs, apex aristate   128 S. jacquemontiana
+ Basal leaves with short, glandular hairs, apex glandular but not aristate   127 S. paiquensis
       
13 (10) Basal leaves with long, curly, glandular and eglandular hairs at least at margin   135 S. llonakhensis
+ Basal leaves with short, glandular hairs.   (14)
       
14 (13) Petals 5.5-7 mm   130 S. finitima
+ Petals to 5 mm.   (15)
       
15 (14) Leaves very sparsely glandular ciliate; leaves to 1 mm wide   143 S. medogensis
+ Leaves densely glandular ciliate; leaves at least 1 mm wide.   (16)
       
16 (15) Pedicels 6-9 mm; leaf margin denticulate-ciliate   148 S. nanella
+ Pedicels usually at least 1 cm; leaf margin pilose-ciliate   131 S. stella-aurea
       
17 (9) Flowers with conspicuous nectary disc surrounding ovary; pedicels white eglandular pilose.   (18)
+ Flowers without conspicuous nectary disc; pedicels brown glandular pilose or glabrous.   (19)
       
18 (17) Leaves alternate; petals broadly elliptic, 3-4 × 2-2.5 mm   139 S. engleriana
+ At least some leaves opposite; petals narrowly elliptic, ca. 2 × 1.1 mm   140 S. contraria
       
19 (17) Apical margin of basal leaves fimbriate, hairs often united to form a scarious margin.   (20)
+ Apical margin of basal leaves setose-ciliate or glabrous.   (22)
       
20 (19) Flowering stem submerged in foliage   124 S. hemisphaerica
+ Flowering stem short, but overtopping foliage.   (21)
       
21 (20) Basal leaves abaxially convex distally, adaxially concave (spoonlike)   122 S. perpusilla
+ Basal leaves ± flat   123 S. zhidoensis
       
22 (19) Flowering stem not overtopping leaves   125 S. sessiliflora
+ Flowering stem overtopping leaves.   (23)
       
23 (22) Cyme 2-5(-12)-flowered.   (24)
+ Flower solitary.   (32)
       
24 (23) Distal cauline leaves longer than proximal ones, aggregated to form a "rosette" subtending inflorescence.   (25)
+ Distal cauline leaves smaller than or subequaling median and proximal ones, not aggregated.   (26)
       
25 (24) Petals 4-5 mm   148 S. nanella
+ Petals 6-7 mm   145 S. prattii
       
26 (24) Pedicels glabrous.   (27)
+ Pedicels glandular pilose, sometimes sparsely so.   (28)
       
27 (26) Petals red or purple abaxially, yellow and unspotted adaxially   149 S. glacialis
+ Petals yellow abaxially, yellow and brown spotted adaxially   150 S. flexilis
       
28 (26) Sepals reflexed at anthesis.   (29)
+ Sepals erect or spreading at anthesis.   (30)
       
29 (28) Margin of sepals glandular pilose, sometimes sparsely so   154 S. densifoliata
+ Margin of sepals glabrous   153 S. aurantiaca
       
30 (28) Base of petals obtuse, neither tapered nor contracted into a claw   147 S. dshagalensis
+ Base of petals tapered or contracted into a claw.   (31)
       
31 (30) Proximal cauline leaves setose-ciliate along entire margin   154 S. densifoliata
+ Proximal cauline leaves setose-ciliate at distal margin only   151 S. tatsienluensis
       
32 (23) Axils of cauline leaves with leaf buds   142 S. gemmigera
+ Axils of cauline leaves without leaf buds.   (33)
       
33 (32) Petals to 5 mm.   (34)
+ Petals at least 5 mm.   (38)
       
34 (33) Petals red or purple abaxially, yellow and unspotted adaxially   149 S. glacialis
+ Petals yellow abaxially, yellow and orange spotted adaxially.   (35)
       
35 (34) Pedicels pale eglandular pilose.   (36)
+ Pedicels glandular pilose or glabrous.   (37)
       
36 (35) Basal leaves to 4 mm   137 S. baimashanensis
+ Basal leaves at least 5 mm   136 S. miralana
       
37 (35) Plants to 4 cm tall   148 S. nanella
+ Plants at least 4 cm tall   52 S. auriculata
       
38 (33) Margin of sepals ciliate.   (39)
+ Margin of sepals entire, glabrous.   (43)
       
39 (38) Margin of sepals setose-ciliate.   (40)
+ Margin of sepals glandular ciliate.   (41)
       
40 (39) Basal leaves 3-4 mm; sepals erect; petals 5-8 mm   126 S. brevicaulis
+ Basal leaves ca. 6 mm; sepals spreading to reflexed; petals 5-6 mm   133 S. chrysanthoides
       
41 (39) Sepals reflexed, at least 3 mm   138 S. draboides
+ Sepals spreading or reflexed, to 2.5 mm.   (42)
       
42 (41) Proximal cauline leaves ciliate distally   151 S. tatsienluensis
+ Proximal cauline leaves ciliate at least proximally   145 S. prattii
       
43 (38) Margin of cauline leaves glabrous   134 S. filifolia
+ Margin of cauline leaves ciliate.   (44)
       
44 (43) Pedicels glabrous.   (45)
+ Pedicels glandular or eglandular pilose.   (46)
       
45 (44) Cauline leaves 5.7-5.9 mm, distal ones subequaling proximal ones   150 S. flexilis
+ Cauline leaves 2-5 mm, distal ones larger than proximal ones   145 S. prattii
       
46 (44) Pedicels eglandular pilose   136 S. miralana
+ Pedicels glandular pilose.   (47)
       
47 (46) Petals apparently without callosities   145 S. prattii
+ Petals with 2-5 callosities.   (48)
       
48 (47) Sepals erect to spreading.   (49)
+ Sepals reflexed.   (50)
       
49 (48) Base of petals obtuse, neither tapered nor contracted into a claw   147 S. dshagalensis
+ Base of petals tapered or contracted into a claw   151 S. tatsienluensis
       
50 (48) Sepal veins free, not confluent at apex; petals to 2.6 mm wide   153 S. aurantiaca
+ Sepal veins confluent at apex; petals at least 3 mm wide   144 S. nanelloides

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