1	Utricles 4-7.5 mm (only ca. 3 mm in C. lushanensis), yellow-green or stramineous in maturity, glabrous or only scabrous on beak margins		(2)
+	Utricles usually not exceeding 4 mm in length, sometimes up to 4.5 mm in few species, yellow-brown or reddish brown in maturity, hispidulous on both surfaces or only on margins, glabrous in few species		(6)
2 (1)	Spikes oblong or oblong-cylindric, 12-15(-18) mm; utricles densely disposed, orbicular or broadly elliptic (except beak), 3-4 mm; nutlets orbicular or broadly obovate		(3)
+	Spikes cylindric, 2-6.5 cm; utricles laxly disposed, elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate-oblong (except beak), 5-7.5 mm; nutlets elliptic or oblong		(4)
3 (2)	Female glumes lanceolate-ovate; utricles broadly elliptic (except beak), ca. 3 mm; nutlets puncticulate.		456 C. lushanensis
+	Female glumes ovate or narrowly ovate; utricles orbicular (except beak), ca. 4 mm; nutlets not puncticulate.		457 C. orbicularinucis
4 (2)	Spikes (4-)5-6.5 cm; utricles very laxly disposed, oblong-lanceolate, 6-7.5 mm; nutlets oblong, ca. 3 mm, yellowish in maturity.		458 C. sinodissitiflora
+	Spikes (1.5-)2-3(-4) cm; utricles slightly laxly disposed, elliptic, 5-6 mm; nutlets elliptic, 2-2.5 mm, brown in maturity		(5)
5 (4)	Leaf blades 2-4 mm wide; spikes single in an involucral bract sheath, sometimes branched at lower spikes; utricles ca. 6 mm; nutlets compressed plano-convex.		459 C. longipes
+	Leaf blades 5-8 mm wide; spikes 1-3 borne in an involucral bract sheath, usually branched; utricles ca. 5 mm; nutlets biconvex.		460 C. ereica
6 (1)	Utricles (except beak) oblong or narrowly oblong, 4-4.5 mm; stigmas longer than or equaling utricle; female glumes slightly longer than or equaling utricle		(7)
+	Utricles (except beak) broadly ovate, elliptic, or suborbicular, not exceeding 4 mm; stigmas usually shorter than utricle, rarely slightly longer than utricle; female glumes shorter than utricle		(9)
7 (6)	Female glumes narrowly ovate or lanceolate, awned or mucronate at apex, longer than utricle.		440 C. teinogyna
+	Female glumes oblong-ovate or narrowly oblong, muticous and without mucro at apex, nearly equaling or slightly shorter than utricle		(8)
8 (7)	Leaves ca. 1/3 length of culm; spikes laxly with female flowers; female glumes nearly equaling or slightly longer than utricle; stigmas persistent.		441 C. bilateralis
+	Leaves longer than or equaling culm; spikes densely with female flowers; female glumes equaling or slightly shorter than utricle; stigmas late deciduous.		442 C. hattoriana
9 (6)	Terminal spike male, lateral spikes bisexual and androgynous or unisexual and female		(10)
+	Spikes numerous, bisexual, androgynous		(14)
10 (9)	Lateral spikes bisexual, androgynous		(11)
+	Lateral spikes unisexual, female or 3-8 spikes fascicled in an involucral bract sheath, one of them male and others female		(12)
11 (10)	Culms stout, 60-100 cm tall, clothed with dark brown bladeless sheaths on lowermost 30-50 cm; utricles dense.		451 C. stipitinux
+	Culms rather thin, 50-60(-70) cm tall, clothed with brown bladeless sheaths on lowermost ca. 10 cm; utricles lax.		452 C. autumnalis
12 (10)	Culms rather stout; leaf blades 4-12 mm wide; 3-8 spikes fascicled in an involucral bract sheath, one of them male, occasionally with few female flowers at apex, remaining spikes female, peduncles hispidulous.		453 C. omeiensis
+	Culms rather thin; leaf blades 1-1.5 mm wide; spikes single, rarely 2-nate in an involucral bract sheath, terminal spike male, remaining spikes female, peduncles glabrous		(13)
13 (12)	Utricles hispidulous on both surfaces.		454 C. chui
+	Utricles glabrous.		455 C. pergracilis
14 (9)	Spikes arranged in a panicle or raceme; utricles 2-3(-4) mm, usually glabrous		(15)
+	Spikes single or several fasciculate in an involucral bract sheath, not branched and not arranged in a panicle or raceme; utricles exceeding 3 mm, hispidulous on both surfaces, on veins and margins, or only on margins		(18)
15 (14)	Culms stout, 80-140 cm tall; spikes linear-cylindric and arranged in a panicle; female glumes ovate or narrowly ovate, apex acute.		443 C. henryi
+	Culms somewhat slender, 40-70 cm tall; spikes narrowly oblong or lanceolate, single or 3-6-nate in an involucral bract sheath, spikes or only lower spikes usually branched, arranged in a raceme; female glumes broadly ovate, apex obtuse or rounded		(16)
16 (15)	Utricles ca. 2.5 mm, oval in outline, apex abruptly contracted into a beak; female glumes ca. 1 mm, apex ending below beak.		445 C. gentilis
+	Utricles 3-4.5 mm, ovate-elliptic or broadly ovate, apex rather gradually narrowed to beak; female glumes 2-3.5 mm, apex reaching beak		(17)
17 (16)	Utricles ca. 3 mm, ovate-elliptic; spikes 1-2 cm.		444 C. mosoynensis
+	Utricles 3.5-4 mm, broadly ovate; spikes 1.5-3 cm.		446 C. nachiana
18 (14)	Spikes more than 5 to many, usually 1-4 in an involucral bract sheath, 15-30 mm; utricles white hispidulous on both surfaces or on veins and margins		(19)
+	Spikes 3-5, single in an involucral bract sheath, 8-15 mm; utricles only hispidulous on margins		(20)
19 (18)	Spikes usually 1 or 2 in an involucral bract sheath, densely flowered; utricles broadly elliptic or orbicular (except beak), beak short, ca. 1/4 length of utricle, white hispidulous on both surfaces.		447 C. brunnea
+	Spikes usually 3 or 4 in an involucral bract sheath, laxly flowered; utricles elliptic (except beak), beak medium sized, ca. 1/3 length of utricle, hispidulous on veins and margins.		448 C. gongshanensis
20 (18)	Culms 10-35 cm tall, with slender stolons; utricles 3-3.5 mm, only hispidulous on margins of beak.		449 C. sendaica
+	Culms 35-100 cm tall, without stolons; utricles 4-4.5 mm, hispidulous on margins.		450 C. bodinieri