曲尾藓

Bryum scoparium (Hedw.) Roucel, Fl. France 428. 1803. Cecalyphum scoparium (Hedw.) P. de la Beauv., Prodr. Aetheogam. 51. 1805. Dicranodon scoparium (Hedw.) Béhéré, Muscol. Rothom. 28. 1826. Dicranum bonjeanii De Not. ssp. angustum (Lindb.) auct. non Podp., Consp. 148. 1954. Dicranum orthophyllum Broth. in Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 4: 27. 1929, syn. nov. Type. China: Yunnan, Pudu-ho, Handel-Mazzetti 537 (holotype H; isotype MO). Dicranum scoparium var. integrifolium Lindb., Öfvers. Förh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 23: 555. 1867.

Plants medium-sized to large, often robust, up to 10 cm high, dull, green to dirty green or yellowish to brownish, somewhat glossy, in dense tufts. Stems erect, simple or branched, densely tomentose below. Leaves often falcate-secund or not much altered to slightly flexuose when dry, appressed or erect-spreading when moist, lanceolate, 4–10 mm long, gradually narrowed to a slender, keeled, acuminate or acute apex, sometimes to a subtubulose acumen; margins plane, strongly serrate in the upper 1/3; costa slender, subpercurrent to shortly excurrent, serrate, ridged or lamellate in 2–4 rows at back above; upper cells rhomboidal, moderately thick-walled, smooth, more or less porose; basal cells elongate, rectangular, 85–120 µm × 8–10 µm, strongly thick-walled, porose; alar cells quadrate to rounded quadrate, slightly inflated, bi- to tristratose, yellowish brown, not extending to the costa. Dioicous. Male plants usually dwarfed, sometimes normal. Perichaetial leaves with a high convolute-sheathing base, abruptly narrowed to a short, setaceous point. Setae single, rarely double in one perichaetium, straight, 2–3 cm long, yellowish, becoming reddish with age, twisted when dry; capsules cylindric, 2–3 mm long, curved, inclined to horizontal, brownish, nearly smooth or somewhat furrowed when dry and empty; opercula long-rostrate, 2.5–3.0 mm long, sometimes longer than the urns; annuli none; peristome teeth 0.5 mm long, papillose and pale brownish above, vertically striate and reddish brown below. Spores 16–20 µm in diameter.

Type. Europe.

Chinese specimens examined: ANHUI: Huang Shan (Mt.), P.-C. Chen et al. 7028 (MO), 7122 (IFSBH). FUJIAN: Nan-ping Co., C. Gao 25458 (ALTA, IFSBH); Wuyi Shan (Mt.), P.-J. Lin 261(a) (IBSC, IFSBH). GUIZHOU: Leigong Shan (Mt.), S.-Z. Jiang 10364 (ALTA, IFSBH); Sui-yang Co., C. Gao & J.-Y. Feng 33536 (IFSBH), C. Gao 33826 (ALTA, IFSBH). HEBEI: Xing-long Co., J.-X. Ji 1206 (IFSBH). HEILONGJIANG: Bei-an Co., C. Gao 13308 (ALTA, IFSBH, MO); Hai-lin Co., C. Gao & G.-C. Zhang 9139 (IFSBH); Mei-lin Co., C. Gao 9149 (MO); Wu-yuan Co., C. Gao 6892 (MO); Xiao Xing An Ling (Lesser Khingan Mt.), C. Gao 136 (IFSBH), 376 (ALTA, IFSBH). HUBEI: Ba-dong Co., L.-J. Bi 107 (IFSBH); Da-sheng-nong-jia (Mt.), P.-C. Wu 447 (MO), X.-W. Zhang 33129 (ALTA, IFSBH). HUNAN: Liu-yang Co., C. Gao & G.-C. Zhang 517 (IFSBH). JIANGXI: Jinggong Shan (Mt.), S.-K. Chen 4139 (IFSBH); Lu Shan (Mt.), R.-L. Hu 16 (IFSBH). JILIN: An-tu Co., C. Gao 22123 (IFSBH, MO), C. Gao 7476, 33889 (ALTA, IFSBH); Chang-bai Co., C. Gao 7201 (MO); Wang-qing Co., C. Gao & G.-C. Zhang 8647, 8925 (IFSBH); Wu-song Co., S.-E. Liu 1383 (IFSBH). LIAONING: Heng-ren Co., T. Cao 181 (MO); Kuan-dian Co., T. Cao 38638 (ALTA, IFSBH). NEI MONGOL: Da Xing An Ling (Greater Khingan Mt.), C. Gao 12758 (IFSBH); Humengyiershi, P.-Y. Fu 2074 (IFSBH, MO). SHAANXI: Hua Shan (Mt.), C. Gao et al.16644 (ALTA, IFSBH). SICHUAN: Kang-ding Co., M. Zang 5300 (ALTA, IFSBH); Nan-chuan Co., M.-Z. Wang 860876 (MO); Nan-ping Co., S. He 30149b (MO, PE); Song-fan Co., S. He 30434 (MO, PE); Xichang City, C. Gao et al. 19842 (IFSBH); Ya-an Co., C. Gao 17055 (IFSBH), 17036 (ALTA, IFSBH, MO). TAIWAN: Chia-yi Co., M.-J. Lai 432 (MO); Hwa-lien Co., C.-C. Chung 5898 (MO); Ping-tung Co., C.-C. Chuang 1515 (UBC); Tai-chung Co., M.-J. Lai 9986 (MO). XINJIANG: Altai Shan (Mt.), C.-F. Zhao 2416 (IFSBH); Tian Shan (Mt.), C.-F. Zhao 2558 (ALTA, IFSBH). XIZANG: Ding-ri Co., Xizang Team 7564 (ALTA, IFSBH); Lin-zhi Co., Z.-X. Tan 16 (IFSBH); Mi-lin Co., K.-Y. Lang 591(a) (IFSBH); Mo-tuo Co., Y.-G. Su 4653 (IFSBH); Ya-dong Co., M. Zang 311 (IFSBH); Zhang-mu Co., S.-K. Chen 151 (KUN). YUNNAN: Gong-shan Co., M.-Z. Wang 9341(b) (IFSBH, PE); Kunming City, Koponen 37578 (MO, as Dicranum orthophyllum), S.-Y. Zeng 394 (IFSBH); Wei-xi Co., M.-Z. Wang 5452 (ALTA, IFSBH); Yun-shan Co., X.-J. Li 4279 (ALTA, IFSBH); Zhong-dian Co., H.-F. Xie 2031 (MO). ZHEJIANG: Lin-an Co., W.-L. Ma 43 (IFSBH); Xitianmu Shan (Mt.), Y.-F. Wang 394 (ALTA, IFSBH).

Habitat: on humic soil, rocks, or rotten wood; Distribution: China, Korea, Japan, Russia Europe, and North America.

C. Gao (1994) placed Dicranum orthophyllum in the subgenus Pseudochorisodontium, awaiting an examination of the type. He suspected that the species did not have peristome structure. After having seen its type, we conclude that D. orthophyllum is identical to D. scoparium.

Illustrations: C. Gao (ed.) 1994 (Pl. 128, figs. 1–13; Pl. 130, figs. 9–10).