山曲背藓

Cynodontium wahlenbergii (Brid.) Hartm., Handb. Skand. Fl. (ed. 10), 2: 113. 1871. Dicranella wahlenbergii (Brid.) Lindb., Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 10: 243. 1872. Dicranum virens Hedw. var. wahlenbergii (Brid.) Hüb., Musc. Germ. 231. 1833. Dicranum wahlenbergii (Brid.) Schultz., Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 149. 1828. Oncophorus wahlenbergii var. japonicus Nog., Jap. Bot. 15: 756. 1939. Oncophorus wahlenbergii var. longisetus Nog., Jap. Bot. 15: 756. 1939. Oncophorus sinensis C. Müll., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. s. 3: 99. 1896. Type. China: Shaanxi, Kuan tou san, Levier s.n. (holotype B, probably destroyed).

Plants small to large, 1–5 cm high, yellowish green above, blackish brown below, somewhat shiny, in dense tufts. Stems erect or ascending, usually branched, round in transverse section. Leaves up to 7(–8) mm long, lanceolate from a narrowly obovate, clasping and sheathing base, shoulder distinct, abruptly narrowed to a long, subtubulose or subulate apex, strongly crispate and curled when dry, widely spreading when moist; margins plane or slightly recurved in the upper part, entire below, irregularly and remotely serrulate above the shoulder, usually bistratose above; costa narrow, reddish brown, percurrent to shortly excurrent, somewhat roughened at back above; upper cells small, quadrate or short-rectangular, thick-walled; basal cells in the sheathing base, rectangular to linear-rectangular, 45–75 µm × 14–22 µm, pellucid, firm- to somewhat thick-walled; alar cells not differentiated. Autoicous. Perichaetial leaves erect with longer sheathing base than the stem leaves. Setae terminal, straight, 1–3 cm long, brownish; capsules short-cylindric, contracted below the mouth, strongly inclined to horizontal, slightly furrowed when dry and empty; peristome teeth reddish brown, dicranoid. Spores not seen.

Type. Norway: Lapland, Wahlenbergii s.n.

Chinese specimens examined: HEBEI: Xing-long Co., J.-X. Ji 779 (IFSBH). HEILONGJIANG: Xiao Xing An Ling (Lesser Khingan Mt.), C. Gao 27289 (IFSBH). JILIN: An-tuo Co., C. Gao 22281 (IFSBH, MO); Chang-bai Co., C. Gao 7470 (IFSBH). LIAONING: Heng-ren Co., G.-C. Zhang 38207 (IFSBH). NEI MONGOL: Da Xing An Ling (Greater Khingan Mt.), C. Gao 42840 (IFSBH). SHAANXI: Taibai Shan (Mt.), Z.-P. Wei 5767, 6703 (IFSBH). SICHUAN: A-ba Co., S. He 31013, 31050 (MO, PE); Ba-tang Co., S. He 31627 (MO, PE); Dao-cheng Co., S. He 31862 (MO, PE); Omei Shan (Mt.), C. Gao et al. 9499 (IFSBH); Li-tang Co., S. He 31879a (MO, PE); Ma-er-kang Co., S. He 31172, 31199 (MO, PE); Mu-li Co., C. Gao et al. 20921, 21036 (IFSBH); Nan-ping Co., S. He 30135b (MO, PE), Redfearn 35372 (MO); Song-fan Co., S. He 30569 (MO, PE); Ruo-er-gai Co., S. He 30812 (MO, PE). TAIWAN: Chia-yi Co., M.-J. Lai 1780 (MO). XIZANG: Cha-yu Co., S.-G. Wu 1073 (IFSBH, KUN); Mo-tuo Co., Y.-G. Su 4472(b) (KUN). YUNNAN: Da-li Co., Redfearn et al. 1345 (MO); Li-jiang Co., Z.-F. Fang & S.-D. Zhao 822 (IFSBH); Lu-jian Co., W.-M. Zhu & J.-L. Wu 64097 (IFSBH); Yang-bi Co., Redfearn et al. 763 (MO).

Habitat: usually on rotten wood in subalpine forests, rarely on rocks; Distribution: China, India, Korea, Japan, Russian Far East, Europe, and North America.

Illustrations: C. Gao (ed.) 1994 (Pl. 98, figs. 1–6).