Orthodicranum mayrii (Broth.) Smirnova, Novosti Sist. Nizsh. Rast. 6: 256. 1969 [1970]. Dicranum formosicum Broth., Rev. Bryol. n.s. 2: 1. 1929. Type. China: Taiwan, Sintiku, Mt. Yura, Sasaoka 3872 (holotype H).

Plants small to medium-sized, up to 3 cm high, brownish green above, blackish brown below, not shiny, in compact tufts. Stems erect, branched, with many flagelliform branchlets in the axils of the upper leaves. Leaves strongly crispate when dry, erect-patent when moist, ovate-lanceolate, 4–5 mm × 0.7 mm, slightly contracted at base, widest above the base, gradually narrowed from an oblong-ovate base to linear-lanceolate acumen; margins plane, entire below, serrulate above the middle, bistratose near the apex; costa stout, occupying 1/5 – ¼ the leaf base width, subpercurrent to percurrent, mammillose at back above; upper cells quadrate or rounded quadrate, thick-walled, papillose at back, not porose; basal cells rectangular, thick-walled, not porose; alar cells quadrate, inflated, unistratose. Dioicous. Male plants dwarfed, attached to the rhizoids of the females. Perichaetial leaves broadly ovate and convolute-sheathing at base, abruptly narrowed to a slender, subulate acumen, ca. 2.2 mm × 1 mm. Setae single, straight, up to 15 mm long, yellowish; capsules erect, cylindric, symmetric, not curved when dry; opercula erect, long-rostrate; annuli in 2 rows of cells; peristome teeth linear-lanceolate, smooth or minutely papillose above, smooth or slightly vertically striolate below. Spores 21–25 µm in diameter, minutely papillose.

Type. Japan.

Chinese specimens examined: HEILONGJIANG: Z. Wang et al. 4459 (IFSBH); Xiao Xing An Ling (Lesser Khingan Mt.), C. Gao 242 (MO). TAIWAN: Ilan Co., C.-C. Chuang 1816 (UBC); Ping-tung Co., M.-J. Lai 9774 (MO). YUNNAN: Gong-shan Co., M.-Z. Wang 11173 (PE).

Habitat: on bases of trees, rotten wood, or humic soil; Distribution: China, Japan, and Korea.

Illustrations: Pl. 46, figs. 1–12.