Barbula defossa C. Müll., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. ser. 4: 256. Type. China: Shaanxi (Schen-si), Fu-kio, Sept. 1895, J. Giraldi 1394 (isotype H). Barbula ferrinervis C. Müll., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. ser. 4: 255. 1897, hom. illeg. Barbula ferrugineinervis Broth., Nat. Pflanzenfam. I(3): 410. 1902. Type. China: Shaanxi (Schen-si), Lun-san-huo, Nov. 1895, P. J. Giraldi 1393 (isotype H). Barbula strictifolia Dixon ex Yang, Sci. Rep. Natl. Tsing Hua Univ., ser. B, Biol. Sci. II, n. 2: 115. 1939, nom. nud. Didymodon revolutus Broth., Symb. Sin. 4: 40. 1 f. 6, 7. 1929, hom. illeg. Type. China: Yunnan, Lan-can-jiang, Handel-Mazzetti 8217 (H).

Plants medium-sized to rather large, 20–35 mm high, green to yellowish brown, in dense tufts. Stems erect, simple, rarely branched. Leaves appressed when dry, obliquely-spreading when moist, ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate at the apex; margins entire, slightly revolute; costa stout, percurrent; upper leaf cells irregularly rounded-triangular to rounded-hexagonal, thick-walled, unipapillose; basal cells enlarged, irregularly rectangular, thin-walled, smooth, hyaline. Perichaetal leaves larger than stem leaves. Setae straight, ca. 2 cm long, reddish; capsules ovoid-cylindrical, yellowish brown; peristome teeth linear-lanceolate, twisted counterclockwise; opercula conic-rostrate, with a long beak.

Type. China: Shaanxi (Schen-si), Tun-juen-fan, 23 Oct. 1894, P. J. Giraldi 849 (isotype H).

Specimens examined: ANHUI: She Co., P.-C. Chen 6438, 6440 (PE). BEIJING: Xi Shan (Mt.), S.-Y. Zeng 2 (PE). GANSU: He-xi Zou-lang, S.-Z. Hu 283 (PE); Yu-zhong Co., L.-Q. Zeng 15 (PE). GUIZHOU: Gui-yang City, B.-G. Zhong 4 (PE). HEBEI: Wei Co., H.-B. Cui 7 (PE); Xiao-wu-tai, K.-J. Guan 51 (PE). HENAN: Feng-huang Shan (Mt.), D.-Z. Tu 1602 (PE); Hui Co., H.-J. Yu 5816 (PE); Song Co., J.-X. Luo 397 (PE); Xin-xiang Co., J.-X. Luo 131 (PE); Xin-yang Co., Ji-gong Shan (Mt.), J.-X. Luo 94 (PE); Zheng-ping Co., J.-X. Luo 137 (PE). JIANGSU: Yan-cheng City, M. Zang 1017 (HKAS); Yi-xing Co., M. Zang 43 (HKAS). JIANGXI: Lu Shan (Mt.), P.-C. Chen 211 (HKAS, MO, PE). LIAONING: Ben-xi Co., Qian Shan (Mt.), C. Gao 1977 (IFSBH). NEI MONGOL: He-lan Shan (Mt.), Z.-G. Tong 1323 (PE); Ji-ning Co., B.-T. Li 79001 (PE). SHAANXI: Hu Co., M. Wang 384 (HKAS); Wu-gong Co., P.-C. Chen 61001 (PE). SHANGHAI: Chong-ming Co., S.-M. Xu 307 (PE). SHANXI: Tai-yuan City, Y.-J. Ling 935 (HKAS). SICHUAN: Ba-tang Co., X.-J. Li 81–2831 (HKAS); De-ge Co., J.-L. Yang 2043 (PE); De-rong Co., X.-J. Li 81–2876 (HKAS); Wen-chuan Co., J.-X. Luo 3406 (PE); Xiang-cheng Co., J.-L. Yang 4450 (PE), X.-J. Li 81–3028 (HKAS). XIZANG: Jiang-zi Co., M. Zang 813 (HKAS); Mi-lin Co., K.-Y. Lang 311 (HKAS); Ri-ge-ze Co., Z.-X. Tan 11 (HKAS); Shuang-hu, K.-Y. Lang 1341 (HKAS); Ya-dong Co., M. Zang 756 (HKAS). YUNNAN: Gong-shan Co., M. Zang 4353 (HKAS); Kun-ming City, W.-X. Xu 152 (HYUB); Lan-can-jiang, Handel-Mazzetti 8217 (H, as Didymodon revolutus); Li-jiang Co., L.-S. Xu 11 (PE). ZHEJIANG: Hang-zhou City, R.-L. Hu 356 (HSNU).

Habitat: on rocks or soil in high mountains or grasslands; Distribution: endemic to China.

Illustrations: Pl. 121, figs. 5–10.