Anoectangium fortunatii Card. & Thér., Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot. 21: 269. 1911. Type. China: Guizhou (Kweitschow), Ping-ba, Fortunat 1544 (isotype PE). Gymnostomum aurantiacum (Mitt.) Jaeg., Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen Naturwiss. Ges. 1869–70: 285 (Gen. Sp. Musc. 1: 45). 1870. Hymenostylium recurvirostrum var. aurantiacum (Mitt.) Gangulee, Mosses E. India 3: 648. 1972. Hymenostylium aurantiacum Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot., Suppl. 1: 32. 1859. Syntypes. Sikkim: Reg. temp., J. D. Hooker 190 (NY); China: Tibet, T. Thomson 126b (NY). Hymenostylium courtoisii Broth. & Paris, Rev. Bryol. 37: 1. 1910. Type. China: Shanghai, Zi-ka-hwei, 1908, Courtois s.n. Hymenostylium curvirostrum var. luzonense (Broth.) Bartr., Philipp. J. Sci. 68: 107. 1939. Hymenostylium luzonense Broth., Philipp. J. Sci. 5: 143. 1910. Hymenostylium xanthocarpum (Hook.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2: 82. Suppl. 3. 1827. Gymnostomum xanthocarpum Hook., Musci Exot. 2: 153. 1819.

Plants medium-sized to rather slender, 20–50 mm high, yellowish green, in dense tufts or cushions. Stems erect, usually simple, sometimes branched, radiculose at the base; central strand absent. Leaves involute or contorted when dry, erect-spreading when moist, lanceolate to narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.8 mm × 0.15–0.27 mm, gradually acuminate; margins entire, plane; costa stout, nearly percurrent to shortly excurrent; upper leaf cells irregularly rounded hexagonal, 6–16 µm × 6–12 µm, strongly trigonous, usually with a single papilla, rarely 2 papillae in each cell; basal cells irregularly rectangular, 20–40 µm × 5–12 µm, smooth, hyaline. Dioicous. Setae straight, 5–10 mm long, reddish yellow, not twisted; capsules erect, ovoid to globosely ovoid; opercula long obliquely rostrate. Spores 8–14 µm in diameter, papillose.

Type. Jamaica: C. R. Orcutt 5461.

Chinese specimens examined: FUJIAN: Wuyi Shan (Mt.), P.-C. Chen 250 (HKAS, PE). JILIN: Chang-bai Shan (Mt.), C. Gao 7643 (IFSBH). SHAANXI: Tai-bai Shan (Mt.), M.-X. Zhang 258 (WUG). SHANGHAI: Xu-jia-hui, Courtois 1287 (HKAS). SICHUAN: Omei Co., Allen 6530 (MO); Ya-long-jiang (River), Handel-Mazzetti 890 (H); Yan-bian Co., L.-S. Wang 83–206 (HKAS). TAIWAN: Tai-bei Co., Yasudo 613 (H); Tiehsiang and Li-sue, Iwatsuki & Sharp 1470 (H). XIZANG: Ji-long Co., S.-K. Chen 295b (HKAS); Mo-tuo Co., Y.-G. Su 2551 (HKAS); Ya-dong Co., M. Zang 518 (HKAS); Zhu-mu-long-ma-feng (Mt. Everest), X.-G. Wang 61 (HKAS). YUNNAN: Gong-shan Co., Handel-Mazzetti 1840 (H); Li-jiang Co., X.-J. Li 81–180 (HKAS); Song-ming Co., M. Zang 37426 (HKAS); Yi-liang Co., X.-J. Li 4561 (HKAS).

Habitat: on calcareous rocks or on boulders near streams; Distribution: China, Nepal, India, the Philippines, central Africa, North and Central America, and Oceania.

Illustrations: C. Gao (ed.) 1996 (Pl. 49, figs. 12–16, as Gymnostomum aurantiacum).