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Phagnalon Cass. in Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris. 1819: 173. 1819; Boiss., Fl. Or. 3: 219. 1875; Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 287. 1881; Lack in Rech. f., Fl. Iran. 145: 39. 1980; Qaiser & Lack in Willdenowia 15: 4. 1985; in Willdenowia 15: 437. 1986; Anderb. in Bremer, Asteraceae, Clad. & Class. 326. 1994; P. C. Pant in Hajra et al., Fl. Ind. 133: 111. 1995; S. A. Chaudhary, Fl. King. Saudi Arab. 2(3): 141. 2000; Boulos & Hind in Boulos, Fl. Egypt 3: 201. 2002.
Small shrubs or woody perennials, mostly white tomentose, rarely totally glabrous. Leaves simple, alternate, undulate or dentate, usually with revolute margins. Capitula single, rarely few at the end of the branches, heterogamous, disciform; Phyllaries pluriseriate, imbricate, scarious at the margins and the apex, rarely scarious as a whole, never brightly coloured. Receptacle flat, without scales. Florets mostly yellow, rarely red or purple. Outer florets female, filiform, usually more in number than the inner bisexual flowers. Corolla 3-5 toothed at the apex usually hairy at the apex. Bisexual flowers infundibuliform, 5-lobed, lobes ± recurved, usually hairy outside, ± papillose inside at the tips. Anthers mostly ecauadate, rarely short caudate at the base (not in our species). Style branches ± rounded, papillose. Cypselas ovoid, obovoid or oblong-hairy; Pappus setae 5-10 (in P. bicolor –13), uniseriate, ± scabrous, deciduous.
A medium sized genus with 36 species distributed from Macronesia in the West to the Himalayas in the East, from S. France and N. Italy in the north and up to Ethiopia in the South. Represented in Pakistan by 5 species.
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| 1 |
Plant completely glabrous. |
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Phagnalon daravazicum |
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At least some parts of the plant, either leaves or stem densely white tomentose. |
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(2) |
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| 2 (1) |
Middle phyllaries less than 1 mm broad (up to 0.6 m). |
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(3) |
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Middle phyllaries (1-) 1.25-2.5 mm broad. |
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(4) |
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| 3 (2) |
Cauline leaves 8-12 (-15) mm broad. Branches laxly leafy. Phyllaries linear triangular, gradually acuminate. Pappus setae 6-9. |
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Phagnalon acuminatum |
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Cauline leaves up to 8 mm broad. Branches densely leafy. Phyllaries narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate. Pappus setae 5. |
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Phagnalon niveum |
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| 4 (2) |
Outer phyllaries with silvery white transparent margins and arista, ± purplish in the middle, middle ones lanceolate to spathulate, 1.5-2 (-2.5) mm broad. |
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Phagnalon schweinfurthii |
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Outer phyllaries with brown transluscent to opaque margins and arista, not purplish in the middle, middle ones triangular ovate, 1-1.25 mm broad. |
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Phagnalon pycnophyllon |
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| 5 |
Leaves (1-) 2-3 (-4) mm broad. Middle phyllaries 1.5-2 mm broad, ± purplish-silvery white tipped. Bisexual florets 35-50.
a. var. androssovii |
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var. androssovii |
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Leaves 1 mm broad. Middle phyllaries 1 mm broad, ± brownish tipped. Bisexual florets 20-25 (-30). |
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var. lamondae |
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Lower Taxa
Related Synonym(s):
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